In Vivo Metabolism Study of Timosaponin BIII in Rat Using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS

Li, Dandan; Xue, Rui; Li, Zhixiong; Chen, Mingcang; Jiang, Weixin; Huang, Chenggang

doi:10.1007/s10337-014-2681-1

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…After analyzing the data of the metabolites obtained using the Q‐E system, the deprotonated molecular weights of the target compounds were calculated within an error of 2 ppm. It is well‐known that parent compounds and their metabolites always show similar chemical structures (Li and others ) and fragmentation patterns (Wang and others ). The negative MS/MS spectra for a total of 6 metabolites are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of Metabolic Pathways and Absorption of Sea Cucumber Saponins, Holothurin A and Echinoside A, in Vitro and in Vivo

Song

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Science

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Sea cucumber saponins (SCSs) exhibit a wide spectrum of bioactivities, but their metabolic characteristics are not well elucidated. In this study, the metabolism of holothurin A (HA) and echinoside A (EA), 2 major saponins in sea cucumber, by gut microflora were investigated. First, we conducted an in vitro study, where in the SCSs were incubated with intestinal microflora and the metabolites were detected by high pressure liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. We also conducted an in vivo study on rats, where in the intestinal contents, serum, urine, and feces were collected and evaluated after oral administration of SCSs. In the in vitro study, we identified 6 deglycosylated metabolites of HA and EA, assigned M1-M6. In the in vivo study, we found all the deglycosylated metabolites in the intestinal contents after oral administration, and both the metabolites and their prototype components could be absorbed. Four metabolites were identified in the serum, 6 in the urine, and 4 in the feces. The saponins with different structures showed different absorption characteristics in rats. According to our results, deglycosylation is the main intestinal microflora-mediated metabolic pathway for SCSs, and both the SCSs and deglycosylated metabolites can be absorbed by intestine. This study improves the understanding of the metabolism of HA and EA by gut flora, which will be useful for further analysis of the bioactivity mechanism of SCSs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of Metabolic Pathways and Absorption of Sea Cucumber Saponins, Holothurin A and Echinoside A, in Vitro and in Vivo

Song

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Science

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“…Some studies have shown that TB-III ( 81 ) can be transformed into TB-II ( 82 ) and TA-III under the action of rat intestinal flora. It has been reported that TB-II monomer has been metabolized in rats and the final nine metabolites are TB-II, the hydroxylated metabolite of TB-II, two kinds of the hydroxylated metabolites of TB-III, deglycosylation and monooxygenation products of TB-III, the deglycosylation product of TB-II, TA-III, and the isomers of TA I-II [67]. A total of twelve metabolites were detected and identified by means of comparing molecular mass, retention time, and comparison of spectral patterns of the analytes with those of the parent drug.…”

Section: Timosaponinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Biotransformation of Saponins

et al. 2019

Molecules

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Saponins are a class of glycosides whose aglycones can be either triterpenes or helical spirostanes. It is commonly recognized that these active ingredients are widely found in various kinds of advanced plants. Rare saponins, a special type of the saponins class, are able to enhance bidirectional immune regulation and memory, and have anti-lipid oxidation, anticancer, and antifatigue capabilities, but they are infrequent in nature. Moreover, the in vivo absorption rate of saponins is exceedingly low, which restricts their functions. Under such circumstances, the biotransformation of these ingredients from normal saponins—which are not be easily adsorbed by human bodies—is preferred nowadays. This process has multiple advantages, including strong specificity, mild conditions, and fewer byproducts. In this paper, the biotransformation of natural saponins—such as ginsenoside, gypenoside, glycyrrhizin, saikosaponin, dioscin, timosaponin, astragaloside and ardipusilloside—through microorganisms (Aspergillus sp., lactic acid bacteria, bacilli, and intestinal microbes) will be reviewed and prospected.

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“…Timosaponin B II and timosaponin B III are the same-group saponins in AMB but existing metabolism studies on them are not enough to summarise the whole metabolic characteristics of saponins in AMB (Li et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2012). In this study, another five main single steroidal saponins, which represent different types of saponins in AMB, were selected to classify their in vivo metabolic transformations in rat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%