In Vivo Interaction between NPR1 and Transcription Factor TGA2 Leads to Salicylic Acid–Mediated Gene Activation in Arabidopsis

Fan, Weihua; Dong, Xinnian

doi:10.1105/tpc.001628

Cited by 382 publications

(331 citation statements)

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“…NPR1 is an SA-activated regulator of gene expression in SAR (Fan and Dong, 2002;Mou et al, 2003), and the growth patterns of npr1 mutants indicated that this component of SA signaling functions in chilling responses. The growth of chilled npr1 mutants was intermediate between wild-type and SA-deficient genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also displays reduced heat tolerance (Clarke et al, 2004). NPR1 accumulates in the nucleus in response to cellular redox changes and interacts with members of the TGA family of bZIP transcription factors (Després et al, 2000;Kinkema et al, 2000;Zhou et al, 2000;Fan and Dong, 2002;Mou et al, 2003). NPR1 is regarded as a key signal transducer functioning downstream of SA, but there are also SA-mediated NPR1-independent pathogen resistance responses (Bowling et al, 1997;Clarke et al, 2000).…”

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Salicylate Accumulation Inhibits Growth at Chilling Temperature in Arabidopsis

et al. 2004

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The growth of Arabidopsis plants in chilling conditions could be related to their levels of salicylic acid (SA). Plants with the SA hydroxylase NahG transgene grew at similar rates to Col-0 wild types at 23°C, and growth of both genotypes was slowed by transfer to 5°C. However, at 5°C, NahG plants displayed relative growth rates about one-third greater than Col-0, so that by 2 months NahG plants were typically 2.7-fold larger. This resulted primarily from greater cell expansion in NahG rosette leaves. Specific leaf areas and leaf area ratios remained similar in both genotypes. Net assimilation rates were similar in both genotypes at 23°C, but higher in NahG at 5°C. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements revealed no PSII photodamage in chilled leaves of either genotype. Col-0 shoots at 5°C accumulated SA, particularly in glucosylated form. SA in NahG shoots showed similar tendencies at 5°C, but at greatly depleted levels. Catechol was not detected as a metabolite of the NahG transgene product. We also examined growth and SA levels in SA signaling and metabolism mutants at 5°C. The partially SAinsensitive npr1 mutant displayed growth intermediate between NahG and Col-0, while the SA-deficient eds5 mutant behaved like NahG. In contrast, the cpr1 mutant at 5°C accumulated very high levels of SA and its growth was much more inhibited than wild type. At both temperatures, cpr1 was the only SA-responsive genotype in which oxidative damage (measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) was significantly different from wild type.Salicylic acid (SA) has received much attention due to its association with economically important plant responses to disease and other stresses. Detailed evidence implicates SA in PR gene expression, systemic acquired resistance, and the hypersensitive response (Kunkel and Brooks, 2002). SA also seems to be involved in responses to abiotic stresses, such as ozone (Sharma et al., 1996;Rao and Davis, 1999;Koch et al., 2000), salt and osmotic stress (Borsani et al., 2001;Molina et al., 2002;Shim et al., 2003), UV-B (Surplus et al., 1998), drought (Senaratna et al., 2000Nemeth et al., 2002), paraquat (Kim et al., 2003, and heat (Dat et al., 1998a(Dat et al., , 1998b(Dat et al., , 2000Lopez-Delgado et al., 1998a;Senaratna et al., 2000;Larkindale and Knight, 2002; Clarke et al., 2004). Stress-influenced developmental transitions, including flowering (Hatayama and Takeno, 2003;Martinez et al., 2004), tuberization (Lopez-Delgado and Scott, 1997), and senescence (Morris et al., 2000), may also involve SA.Cold is one of the most important limitations to crop productivity and species distribution. Freezing (subzero) or chilling (low positive) temperatures can cause injury or reduced growth depending on the cold tolerance of the species (Schneider et al., 1995;Pearce, 1999;Humphreys et al., 2003). Recent studies describe potentially valuable effects of salicylate treatment on cold tolerance in maize, rice, and wheat (Janda et al., 1999;Szalai et al., 2000;Kang and Saltveit, 2002;Tasgin et al., 200...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Salicylate Accumulation Inhibits Growth at Chilling Temperature in Arabidopsis

et al. 2004

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“…These interactions lead to the expression of NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) (Cao et al 1994;Delaney et al 1995;Glazebrook et al 1996;Shah et al 1997;Nawrath & Métraux 1999;Nawrath et al 2000;Wildermuth et al 2001). In NPR1-dependent SA signaling, SA binds to NPR1, stimulating its movement to the nucleus where it dimerizes with the TGA2 transcription factor in the presence of copper ions (Kinkema et al 2000;Fan & Dong 2002). The complex then binds to the as-1 promoter sequence 5 ′ TGACGT3 ′ , driving target gene expression (Fan & Dong 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heterologous expression of aGlycine maxhomolog of NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) and α-hydroxynitrile glucosidase suppresses parasitism by the root pathogenMeloidogyne incognitainGossypium hirsutum

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Sharma

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Experiments in Glycine max (soybean) identified the expression of the salicylic acid signaling and defense gene NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) in root cells (i.e., syncytium) parasitized by the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines undergoing the process of resistance. Gm-NPR1-2 overexpression in G. max effectively suppresses parasitism by H. glycines. The heterologous expression of Gm-NPR1-2 in Gossypium hirsutum impairs the ability of the parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita to form root galls, egg sacs, eggs and second-stage juvenile (J2) nematodes.In related experiments, a G. max β-glycosidase (Gm-βg-4) related to Lotus japonicus secreted defense gene α-hydroxynitrile glucosidase LjBGD7 suppresses M. incognita parasitism. The results identify a cumulative negative effect that the transgenes have on M. incognita parasitism and demonstrate that the G. max-H. glycines pathosystem is a useful tool to identify defense genes that function in other agriculturally relevant plant species to plant parasitic nematodes with different strategies of parasitism.ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…NPR1 is an ankyrin-repeat protein that stimulates plant defenses through the SA-dependent pathway by interaction with transcription factors. This interaction is impaired in npr1-1 (nonexpressor of pathogenesis related genes) mutant plants (Cao et al, 1997;Fan and Dong, 2002;Rairdan and Delaney, 2002). JAR1 is involved in the JA adenylation that is apparently required for JA function and the jar1-1 (JA resistant 1) mutation reduces the impact of the jasmonatedependent defense pathway (Staswick et al, 1992(Staswick et al, , 1998(Staswick et al, , 2002, which becomes activated upon interaction with G. cichoracearum (Zimmerli et al, 2004), making jar1-1 plants useful to reveal responses associated with jasmonate-dependent pathway in this susceptible state.…”

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Genome-Wide Expression Profiling Arabidopsis at the Stage ofGolovinomyces cichoracearumHaustorium Formation

et al. 2008

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(T.S., K.D.)Compatibility between plants and obligate biotrophic fungi requires fungal mechanisms for efficiently obtaining nutrients and counteracting plant defenses under conditions that are expected to induce changes in the host transcriptome. A key step in the proliferation of biotrophic fungi is haustorium differentiation. Here we analyzed global gene expression patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves during the formation of haustoria by Golovinomyces cichoracearum. At this time, the endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were found to be enhanced. The responses of wild-type, npr1-1, and jar1-1 plants were used to categorize the sensitivity of gene expression changes to NPR1 and JAR1, which are components of the SA and JA signaling pathways, respectively. We found that the infection process was the major source of variation, with 70 genes identified as having similarly altered expression patterns regardless of plant genotype. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) identified genes responding both to infection and to lack of functional JAR1 (17 genes) or NPR1 (18 genes), indicating that the JA and SA signaling pathways function as secondary sources of variation. Participation of these genes in the SA or JA pathways had not been described previously. We found that some of these genes may be sensitive to the balance between the SA and JA pathways, representing novel markers for the elucidation of cross-talk points between these signaling cascades. Conserved putative regulatory motifs were found in the promoter regions of each subset of genes. Collectively, our results indicate that gene expression changes in response to infection by obligate biotrophic fungi may support fungal nutrition by promoting alterations in host metabolism. In addition, these studies provide novel markers for the characterization of defense pathways and susceptibility features under this infection condition.

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In Vivo Interaction between NPR1 and Transcription Factor TGA2 Leads to Salicylic Acid–Mediated Gene Activation in Arabidopsis

Cited by 382 publications

References 60 publications

Salicylate Accumulation Inhibits Growth at Chilling Temperature in Arabidopsis

Salicylate Accumulation Inhibits Growth at Chilling Temperature in Arabidopsis

The heterologous expression of aGlycine maxhomolog of NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) and α-hydroxynitrile glucosidase suppresses parasitism by the root pathogenMeloidogyne incognitainGossypium hirsutum

Genome-Wide Expression Profiling Arabidopsis at the Stage ofGolovinomyces cichoracearumHaustorium Formation

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