In Vivo Implications of Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri LR6 on the Gut and Immunological Parameters as an Adjuvant Against Protein Energy Malnutrition

Commensal Bacteria Modulate Immunoglobulin A Binding in Response to Host Nutrition

“…IgA binding or induction is commonly used as an indicator of probiotic ability in lactic acid bacteria, and IgA-bound Lacto-bacillus from a healthy human was recently found to improve barrier function and lipid regulation in mice (Sun et al, 2019). Currently, the use of Lactobacillus probiotics for undernutrition shows strong potential in pre-clinical studies (Garg et al, 2019;Schwarzer et al, 2016;Storelli et al, 2011). Excitingly, a recent clinical trial for severe acute malnutrition found that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotics decreased the incidence of diarrhea in undernourished children, but only in children where the strains stably colonized (Castro-Mejía et al, 2020).…”

Impact of Heat-Killed Lactobacillus casei Strain IMAU60214 on the Immune Function of Macrophages in Malnourished Children

“…Furthermore, it has been reported that oral administration of L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium increases the ROS production and phagocytic activity of macrophages in old mice [ 59 ]. In a recent in vivo study, it was shown that feeding with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri LR6 increases the phagocytic activity of the macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs); this strain acts as an adjuvant in the improvement of immune parameters using protein energy malnourished (PEM) murine models [ 60 ]. Another in vivo study performed with heat-killed probiotic showed a capacity to induce secretory IgA production in pre-term infants treated with a formulation containing heat-killed Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilus [ 61 ].…”

Effects and Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics on Metabolic Diseases Targeting Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

“…Furthermore, the intake of Lactobacillus casei could prevent metabolic-related hypertension in perinatal rats by decreasing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), while increasing Akkermansia and Lactobacillus abundances [ 51 ]. In addition, an in vivo study with male Swiss albino mice reported that the probiotic-fermented milk containing Lactobacillus reuteri LR6 could improve protein-energy malnutrition and immunological function in mice with increasing Bifidobacteria , Firmicutes , and Lactobacilli abundances [ 52 ].…”