In Vivo Imaging Sheds Light on the Susceptibility and Permissivity of Carassius auratus to Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 According to Developmental Stage

Abstract

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a virus that causes mass mortality in economically important Carassius spp. However, there have been no comprehensive studies into host susceptibility or permissivity with respect to developmental stage, and the major portal of viral entry into the host is still unclear. To help bridge these knowledge gaps, we developed the first ever recombinant strain of CyHV-2 expressing bioluminescent and fluorescent reporter genes. Infection of Carassius auratus hosts with this recombinant by immersion facilitated the exploitation of various in vivo imaging techniques to establish the spatiotemporal aspects of CyHV-2 replication at larval, juvenile, and adult developmental stages. While less susceptible than later developmental stages, larvae were most permissive to CyHV-2 replication, leading to rapid systemic infection and high mortality. Permissivity to CyHV-2 decreased with advancing development, with adults being the least permissive and, thus, also exhibiting the least mortality. Across all developmental stages, the skin was the most susceptible and permissive organ to infection at the earliest sampling points post-infection, indicating that it represents the major portal of entry into these hosts. Collectively these findings provide important fundamental insights into CyHV-2 pathogenesis and epidemiology in Carassius auratus with high relevance to other related economically important virus-host models.

Effect of temperature on the protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine against herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis in goldfish

“…The results indicated that the fin had the highest virus load at 1 dpv in all vaccinated groups, suggesting that the epidermis is a portal of entry and early propagation site of the vaccine virus as previously described for a gibel carp isolate by He et al. (2023). The results also showed that 25°C is the optimal growth temperature for the vaccine in vitro and in vivo .…”

Generation and Characterization of ORF55/ORF57-Deleted Recombinant Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 Mutants with Chimeric Capsid Protein Gene of Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus

“…Results showed that only juvenile goldfish weighing 8 ± 2 g (one year old) exhibited mortality, possibly due to other varieties’ stronger disease resistance resulting from selective breeding. A recent study indicates that, although CyHV-2 showed a higher susceptibility in adult goldfish, it was more permissive to replication in larvae, resulting in rapid systemic infection and high mortality in juvenile goldfish [ 50 ]. Moreover, prolonged immersion in virus-contaminated water is more likely to induce acute mortality in goldfish.…”

Correction: He et al. In Vivo Imaging Sheds Light on the Susceptibility and Permissivity of Carassius auratus to Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 According to Developmental Stage. Viruses 2023, 15, 1746

“…In the original publication [1], some citation errors were accidentally introduced to this article during the finalizing stage, and therefore these errors were not attributed to the authors. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected.…”