In Vivo Genotoxicity of Gold Nanorods in Mouse Bone Marrow Compared with Cyclophosphamide

Abstract

Gold nanorods (GNRs) are now under extensive investigation for biomedical applications. The in vivo genotoxic profile GNRs are not elucidated yet, therefore we investigated it in comparison with one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents, cyclophosphamide (CP), in a mice model. PEGylatedGNRs (50 nm) were injected to Balb/C mice triple times, while CP-treated mice were treated once and the bone marrow cells (BMCs) were collected after 21 days. Chromosome aberrations, mitotic index, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), replicative index, micronucleus (MN) and DNA damage using comet assay were investigated. GNRs induced chromosome aberrations including-and excluding-gaps significantly at p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively, however CP resulted in a higher significant increase in both types with p < 0.001. The percentage of SCEs/cell was not affected by GNRs treatment, while it was extremely significant with CP. Both mitotic activity and proliferative index were reduced dramatically with both of GNRs and CP. The recorded MN were lower in GNRsthan CP-treated mice. The percentage DNA damage, tail length and tail moment were higher in CP than GNRs. In conclusion, CP induced extreme genotoxicity more than GNRs. Both of GNRs and CP induced DNA damage. The study indicated the advantage of lower GNRs genotoxicity than that of CP. After 21 days, one injection of CP led to extreme persistent genotoxic effect more than that of multiple injections of GNRs.

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Coupled with Nucleic Acid Oxidation

“…As far as we know, this is the first report concerning AuNP formation using a guanine moiety without any additional reducing reagents or physical stresses. To date, broad technological strategies have been studied toward developing AuNPs in the fields of optical sensing and imaging, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and so on. , To exploit the homologous shape and size, dispersibility, and easy production of the AuNPs generated for the medical and pharmaceutical fields, we also need to develop methods to recover AuNPs from the carrier and modify their surfaces to provide affinitive and reactive properties to AuNPs and study their toxicity to target animal cells and other essential basic issues such as the stability of AuNPs in various salt solutions that are used routinely for biological applications.…”

The Excretion of BRCAA Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanoclusters from Kidneys of Treated Rats

“…The toxicity of gold nanoparticles in vivo is directly related to their size, shape [21][22], surface coating, exposure dose and administration routes [23]. Developing favourable nanomaterials with efficient renal clearance is extremely important to their in-vivo biomedical applications [24,25]. It has been demonstrated that the size plays a dominant role [26].…”