In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of a Stilbene Extract Prior to Its Use as a Natural Additive: A Combination of the Micronucleus Test and the Comet Assay

Medrano-Padial, Concepción; Puerto, María; Prieto, Ana I.; Ayala, Nahúm; Beaumont, Pauline; Rouger, Caroline; Krisa, Stéphanie; Pichardo, Silvia

doi:10.3390/foods10020439

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The results obtained in the positive and negative control groups in others and recent studies [ 29 ] were similar to those obtained in the present work for comet and micronucleus assays.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The interest in the genotoxicity evaluation of PTS is growing because of new potential applications in the food industry (feed additive, active in food packaging, etc.). Genotoxicity studies are one of the basic sets of toxicological studies included in the guidelines on the safety of feed additives, or substances employed in food contact materials, required by EFSA [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] before their approval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tissues selected were bone marrow for the MN assay [ 27 ], and stomach, liver, and blood cells for the comet assay [ 28 ]. Moreover, the potential oxidative DNA damage was evaluated by the enzyme-modified comet assay with the bacterial repair enzymes formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) and endonuclease III (EndoIII), which release damaged purines and pyrimidines, respectively [ 29 ]. Finally, a histopathological study was carried out on the stomach and liver to obtain further information for the genotoxic assessment and to provide useful information to perform the risk assessment required by EFSA for PTS before its approval as an additive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats

Cascajosa-Lira

Puerto

Prieto

et al. 2021

Foods

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Propyl-propanethiosulfinate (PTS) is a component of Allium essential oils. This organosulfur molecule can be used as a feed additive to decrease the appearance of bacterial resistances caused by the residues of antibiotics. In previous in vitro genotoxicity studies, contradictory results were reported for PTS. In this work, the in vivo genotoxicity of PTS in male and female rats was assessed for the first time, following OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines. After oral administration (doses: 5.5, 17.4, and 55.0 mg/kg PTS body weight), a combination of the micronucleus (MN) assay (OECD 474) in bone marrow and the standard and enzyme-modified comet assay (OECD 489) was performed. After necropsy, histopathological studies were also carried out. The results did not show the in vivo genotoxicity of PTS at any doses assayed, revealed by the absence of increased MN, and DNA strand breaks or oxidative DNA damage in the standard and enzyme-modified comet assays. The histopathological study revealed that only the highest dose tested (55.0 mg/kg) in the liver and all dose groups in the stomach presented minimal pathological lesions in the organs studied. Consequently, the present work confirms that PTS is not genotoxic at the doses assayed, and it is a promising natural alternative to synthetic preservatives and antibiotics in animal feed.

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“…The results obtained in the positive and negative control groups in others and recent studies [ 29 ] were similar to those obtained in the present work for comet and micronucleus assays.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats

Cascajosa-Lira

Puerto

Prieto

et al. 2021

Foods

Self Cite

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“…Lastly, an extract with a 99% concentration of stilbenes (ST99) was evaluated in a wine matrix, showing promising properties against spoiled microorganisms related to wine [ 71 ]. Moreover, a toxicological study on ST99 proposed this extract as a promising extract, due to its antioxidant properties, presenting no genotoxic effects under in vivo studies [ 72 ].…”

Section: The Main Fruit Trees In Europe: Bioactive Compounds From Woo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry

et al. 2022

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In the European Union (EU), a total of 11,301,345 hectares are dedicated to the cultivation of fruit trees, mainly olive orchards, grapevines, nut trees (almond, walnut, chestnut, hazelnut, and pistachio), apple and pear trees, stone fruit trees (peach, nectarine, apricot, cherry, and plum), and citrus fruit trees (orange, clementine, satsuma, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, and pomelo). Pruning these trees, together with plantation removal to a lesser extent, produces a huge amount of wood waste. A theoretical calculation of the wood waste in the European Union estimates approximately 2 and 25 million tons from wood plantation removal and pruning, respectively, per year. This wood waste is usually destroyed by in-field burning or crushing into the soil, which result in no direct economic benefits. However, wood from tree pruning, which is enriched in high added-value molecules, offers a wide spectrum of possibilities for its valorization. This review focuses on the contribution of wood waste to both sustainability and the circular economy, considering its use not only as biomass but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The main bioactive compounds found in wood are polyphenols, terpenes, polysaccharides, organic compounds, fatty acids, and alkaloids. Polyphenols are the most ubiquitous compounds in wood. Large amounts of hydroxytyrosol (up to 25 g/kg dw), resveratrol (up to 66 g/kg dw), protocatechuic acid (up to 16.4 g/kg), and proanthocyanins (8.5 g/kg dw) have been found in the wood from olive trees, grapevines, almond trees and plum trees, respectively. The bioactivity of these compounds has been demonstrated at lower concentrations, mainly in vitro studies. Bioactive compounds present antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, biostimulant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anticarcinogenic properties, among others. Therefore, wood extracts might have several applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries. For example, olive tree wood extract reduced thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro; grapevine tree wood extract acts a preservative in wine, replacing SO2; chestnut tree wood extract has antifungal properties on postharvest pathogens in vitro; and stone tree wood extracts are used for aging both wines and brandies. Moreover, the use of wood waste contributes to the move towards both a more sustainable development and a circular economy.

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“…The Ames test (OECD, guideline 471) was also used to prove the non-mutagenicity of three nutraceuticals, already commercialized, that were obtained from grape pomace, vitis vinifera, and apple extract representing natural extracts rich in polyphenols [ 47 ]. A stilbene rich extract obtained from gravepine shoots was considered safe as a natural additive after a combined analysis of micronucleous test and comet assay (OECD 474, 489) [ 105 ].…”

Section: Toxicological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Food Waste: Toxicity and Safety Concerns

Vilas-Boas

Pintado

Oliveira

2021

Foods

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Although synthetic bioactive compounds are approved in many countries for food applications, they are becoming less and less welcome by consumers. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in replacing these synthetic compounds by natural bioactive compounds. These natural compounds can be used as food additives to maintain the food quality, food safety and appeal, and as food supplements or nutraceuticals to correct nutritional deficiencies, maintain a suitable intake of nutrients, or to support physiological functions, respectively. Recent studies reveal that numerous food wastes, particularly fruit and vegetables byproducts, are a good source of bioactive compounds that can be extracted and reintroduced into the food chain as natural food additives or in food matrices for obtaining nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review addresses general questions concerning the use of fruit and vegetables byproducts as new sources of natural bioactive compounds that are being addressed to foods as natural additives and supplements. Those bioactive compounds must follow the legal requirements and evaluations to assess the risks for human health and their toxicity must be considered before being launched into the market. To overcome the potential health risk while increasing the biological activity, stability and biodistribution of the supplements’ technological alternatives have been studied such as encapsulation of bioactive compounds into micro or nanoparticles or nanoemulsions. This will allow enhancing the stability and release along the gastrointestinal tract in a controlled manner into the specific tissues. This review summarizes the valorization path that a bioactive compound recovered from an agro-food waste can face from the moment their potentialities are exhibited until it reaches the final consumer and the safety and toxicity challenges, they may overcome.

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In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of a Stilbene Extract Prior to Its Use as a Natural Additive: A Combination of the Micronucleus Test and the Comet Assay

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats

Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats

Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Food Waste: Toxicity and Safety Concerns

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