In Vivo Expression of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Genes in the Blood of Patients with Typhoid Fever in Bangladesh

Sheikh, Alaullah; Charles, Richelle C.; Sharmeen, Nusrat; Rollins, Sean M.; Harris, Jason B.; Bhuiyan, Saruar; Arifuzzaman, Mohammad; Khanam, Farhana; Bukka, Archana; Kalsy, Anuj; Porwollik, Steffen; Leung, Daniel T.; Brooks, W. Abdullah; LaRocque, Regina C.; Hohmann, Elizabeth L.; Cravioto, Alejandro; Logvinenko, Tanya; Calderwood, Stephen B.; McClelland, Michael; Graham, James E.; Qadri, Firdausi; Ryan, Edward T.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001419

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, recombination is required for the repair of oxidative damage within the macrophage to survive, and RecC is one of the important subunits of the homologous recombination machinery RecBCD (3). Gene aroE is involved in the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway in Salmonella, and mutations in this pathway have been the basis of live attenuated S. Typhi vaccines (39,42). Finally, there are reports that mutations in dsdA, which encodes a positive regulator of D-serine deaminase, enhance the ability of uropathogenic strain to infect the bladders and kidneys of mice (37).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Molecular Evolution of Genomic Cores in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACTOne of the strongest signals of adaptive molecular evolution of proteins is the occurrence of convergent hot spot mutations: repeated changes in the same amino acid positions. We performed a comparative genome-wide analysis of mutation-driven evolution of core (omnipresent) genes in 17 strains ofSalmonella entericasubspecies I and 22 strains ofEscherichia coli. More than 20% of core genes in bothSalmonellaandE. coliaccumulated hot spot mutations, with a predominance of identical changes having recent evolutionary origin. There is a significant overlap in the functional categories of the adaptively evolving genes in both species, although mostly via separate molecular mechanisms. As a strong evidence of the link between adaptive mutations and virulence inSalmonella, two human-restricted serovars, Typhi and Paratyphi A, shared the highest number of genes with serovar-specific hot spot mutations. Many of the core genes affected by Typhi/Paratyphi A-specific mutations have known virulence functions. For each species, a list of nonrecombinant core genes (and the hot spot mutations therein) under positive selection is provided.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Molecular Evolution of Genomic Cores in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli

et al. 2012

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“…The 331 transcripts that were altered also included multiple cas genes ( Fig. 1 and 4), suggesting that the Salmonella CRISPR-Cas system is involved in infection in vivo (77). Also in C. jejuni, changes in cas gene expression were observed during intestinal passage in a mouse model (78).…”

Section: Transcriptome Analysis Of the Cas Genesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…1 and 4) (76). In a different study, transcriptomes were obtained for five clinical S. enterica serovar Typhi strains that were isolated from the blood circulation system; these transcriptomes were compared to those of in vitro-grown S. Typhi strains (77). The 331 transcripts that were altered also included multiple cas genes ( Fig.…”

Section: Transcriptome Analysis Of the Cas Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Virulence of Pathogenic Bacteria

Louwen

Staals

Endtz

et al. 2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

216

178

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SUMMARY Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes are present in many bacterial and archaeal genomes. Since the discovery of the typical CRISPR loci in the 1980s, well before their physiological role was revealed, their variable sequences have been used as a complementary typing tool in diagnostic, epidemiologic, and evolutionary analyses of prokaryotic strains. The discovery that CRISPR spacers are often identical to sequence fragments of mobile genetic elements was a major breakthrough that eventually led to the elucidation of CRISPR-Cas as an adaptive immunity system. Key elements of this unique prokaryotic defense system are small CRISPR RNAs that guide nucleases to complementary target nucleic acids of invading viruses and plasmids, generally followed by the degradation of the invader. In addition, several recent studies have pointed at direct links of CRISPR-Cas to regulation of a range of stress-related phenomena. An interesting example concerns a pathogenic bacterium that possesses a CRISPR-associated ribonucleoprotein complex that may play a dual role in defense and/or virulence. In this review, we describe recently reported cases of potential involvement of CRISPR-Cas systems in bacterial stress responses in general and bacterial virulence in particular.

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“…These NiFe hydrogenases have been shown or predicted to enable a number of pathogens to use molecular H 2 within the host as a respiratory energy-yielding substrate (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that each of the membrane-associated uptaketype respiratory hydrogenases contributes to the survival and growth of S. Typhimurium within the host.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Host Hydrogen Rather than That Produced by the Pathogen Is Important for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence

et al. 2015

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium utilizes molecular hydrogen as a substrate in various respiratory pathways, via H 2 -uptake enzymes termed Hya, Hyb, and Hyd. A different hydrogenase, the hydrogen-evolving Hyc enzyme, removes excess reductant during fermentative growth. Virulence phenotypes conferred by mutations in hyc genes, either alone or in combination with mutations in the H 2 -uptake enzyme genes, are addressed. Anaerobically grown ⌬hycB or ⌬hycC single-deletion strains were more sensitive to acid than the wild-type strain, but the ⌬hyc strains were like the virulent parent strain with respect to both mouse morbidity and mortality and in organ burden numbers. Even fecal-recovery numbers for both mutant strains at several time points prior to the animals succumbing to salmonellosis were like those seen with the parent. Neither hydrogen uptake nor evolution of the gas was detected in a hydrogenase quadruple-mutant strain containing deletions in the hya, hyb, hyd, and hyc genes. As previously described, a strain lacking all H 2 -uptake ability was severely attenuated in its virulence characteristics, and the quadruple-mutant strain had the same (greatly attenuated) phenotype. While H 2 levels were greatly reduced in ceca of mice treated with antibiotics, both the ⌬hycB and ⌬hycC strains were still like the parent in their ability to cause typhoid salmonellosis. It seems that the level of H 2 produced by the pathogen (through formate hydrogen lyase [FHL] and Hyc) is insignificant in terms of providing respiratory reductant to facilitate either organ colonization or contributions to gut growth leading to pathogenesis.

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In Vivo Expression of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Genes in the Blood of Patients with Typhoid Fever in Bangladesh

Cited by 47 publications

References 46 publications

Convergent Molecular Evolution of Genomic Cores in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli

Convergent Molecular Evolution of Genomic Cores in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli

The Role of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Virulence of Pathogenic Bacteria

Host Hydrogen Rather than That Produced by the Pathogen Is Important for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence

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