In vivo evaluation of photodynamic inactivation using Photodithazine® against Candida albicans

Abstract

This study describes the photoinactivation of Candida albicans in a murine model of oral candidosis, mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ). Six-week-old female Swiss mice were immunosuppressed, and inoculated with C. albicans to induce oral candidosis. After five days, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) mediated by PDZ at concentrations of 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg L(-1) was applied on the tongue of mice. Next, microbiological evaluation was performed by recovering C. albicans from the tongue via colony forming units (CFU mL(-1)). After 24 h of treatment, the animals were killed and the tongues were surgically removed for histological analysis. PDI was effective in reducing C. albicans on the tongue of mice using 100 mg L(-1) of PDZ, when compared to the positive control group (without treatment). No adverse effect on the tongue tissue was verified after PDI. Therefore, PDI was effective for inactivation of C. albicans without causing any harmful effects on host tissues, which is promising for future clinical trials.

The impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on peri-implant disease: What mechanisms are involved in this novel treatment?

“…Indeed, the divergences of the outcomes should be carefully analyzed. In this in vivo study, the PS was applied directly on the mouse tongue cells [104] and the cells permeability associated with the physiological environment might have increased the PS absorption, which is in contrast to previous study [21]. A sequence of in situ studies [95,103,105] have shown high effect of aPDT with chlorine e6 (Ce6) against initial and mature oral biofilm reducing significantly the numbers of viable anaerobic microorganisms.…”

“…Quite divergent results were found in recent and interesting investigations [95,[103][104][105]. A recent study showed the antimicrobial effect of aPDT associated to PDZ with 4.36 log 10 of C. albicans reduction when the experiment was performed in animals [104]. Indeed, the divergences of the outcomes should be carefully analyzed.…”

“…Since cationic chlorin-e6 discloses similar chemical properties than C. albicans, the unsuccessful antimicrobial effect might not be related to PS absorption from the fungi cells. Quite divergent results were found in recent and interesting investigations [95,[103][104][105]. A recent study showed the antimicrobial effect of aPDT associated to PDZ with 4.36 log 10 of C. albicans reduction when the experiment was performed in animals [104].…”

Light‐driven photosensitizer uptake increases Candida albicans photodynamic inactivation

“…Depending on a proper delay time between drug administration and irradiation (incubation time), the PS can be more concentrated in the microorganism when compared to the host cells, resulting in a higher PDI response. Recent studies show the effect of various PS against C. albicans , such as a chlorine derivate (Photoditazine) , methylene blue , curcumin , hematoporphyrin derivate (Photogem) , and cationic porphyrins .…”

In vivo photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans using chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine

“…To induce candidiasis in the animals, we used the method previously described (Takakura et al, 2003) and reproduced by our group (Mima et al, 2010;Dovigo et al, 2013;Carmello et al, 2015). During the experimental period, the animals were treated with tetracycline 0.83 mg ml À1 (Santa Paula Pharmacy, Araraquara, SP, Brazil) administered through the drinking water.…”