In Vivo Evaluation of Leucocyte Dynamics in Cremaster Muscle in Rats After Exposure to Cigarette Smoke

Abstract

This experiment was designed to examine the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the microcirculation immediately after exposure to smoke for two, four, and six weeks and after withholding smoke for two weeks from those previously exposed for four weeks. The mean (SD) rolling leucocytes at two, four, and six weeks were 11.10 (1.8), 23.7 (2.3), 40.2 (3.9) (p < 0.001). The rolling leucocytes after smoking for four weeks and then having smoke withheld for two weeks was 9.6 (1.4). The mean adherent leucocytes were 5.0 (0.7), 7.5 (1.1), 12.6 (1.8) (p < 0.001). The adherent leucocytes after smoking for four weeks and then having smoke withheld for two weeks was 3.5 (0.5). Our results confirm those of many previous studies of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking, and also that those deleterious effects are time-dependent. The reversibility of the deleterious effect of cigarette smoking after cessation of cigarette smoking before face-lift or flap reconstruction is at least two weeks. This information is also important for clinical management of patients who smoke and who are scheduled for face-lift and flap reconstruction. Two weeks without cigarettes is a necessary period for successful elective plastic surgery.

The effects of anti-P-selectin antibody on leucocyte activity related to cigarette smoke in rats

“…In the present study we have shown increased leucocyte rolling in the microcirculation of smoking rats, which confirms the results of previous studies; we have also linked this to an increase in expression of P-selectin by nicotine through a ganglionic-type nicotine receptor [4,5]. Studies on rats using anti-P-selectin antibody [4,5] and ELISA of endothelial cells in human umbilical vein [12] after exposure to smoke has also shown this relation between P-selectin and leucocyte rolling. Our study also confirmed the association between an increase in rolling leucocytes Figure 1.…”

“…The main microcirculatory effects of cigarette smoking shown in vivo include the increase in leucocyte rolling and adhesion to the endothelium [4,5]. Smoking induces sequestration of leucocytes by chemotactic mechanisms that include the generation of leucocytic chemotaxins or co-chemotaxins, such as leucotrienes, complement factors, and Gc-globulins (GcG, vitamin D dividing protein) [6].…”

Effect of smoking on the gingival capillary density: assessment of gingival capillary density with orthogonal polarization spectral imaging

“…In another study morphologic alteration in the microvasculature of the rat oral mucosa was observed after systemic administration of nicotine (Johnson et al 1989). In animal studies, it has been suggested that cigarette smoke has more influence on the microcirculation than just nicotine alone (Chen et al 2002). The effect of smoking on the human oral microcirculation however remains a matter of debate.…”