In-vivo efficacy of toltrazuril on experimentally induced Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in lambs: A novel strategy for prevention of human exposure to meat-borne toxoplasmosis

Enrofloxacin and Toltrazuril Are Able to Reduce Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human BeWo Trophoblastic Cells and Villous Explants from Human Third Trimester Pregnancy

“…Only a few studies have approached the role of toltrazuril against T. gondii infection; and the results so far are not conclusive. Toltrazuril diminished the number of T. gondii cysts in skeletal musculature and brain from sheep by around 50% (Kul et al, 2013). A previous study evaluated the action of both enrofloxacin and toltrazuril to control the vertical transmission of N. caninum in C57/BL6 mice; it was found that both drugs were able to reduce congenital neosporosis, although toltrazuril presented increased efficacy in comparison to enrofloxacin (Gottstein et al, 2005).…”

“…Toltrazuril is derived from a triazone and this drug was shown to be efficient for the control of T. gondii infection, acting on several forms of the parasite, such as sexual or asexual stages in the cat gut (Haberkorn et al, 1996; Kul et al, 2013). Ponazuril is the active principle, which induces mitochondrial damage and inhibits cellular division of the parasite (Mitchell et al, 2004).…”

“…Ponazuril is the active principle, which induces mitochondrial damage and inhibits cellular division of the parasite (Mitchell et al, 2004). Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that toltrazuril is effective against other protozoa as Eimeria sp., Isospora sp., and N. caninum (Haberkorn et al, 2001; Kul et al, 2013). Additionally, toltrazuril completely reduced the number of Eimeria sp.…”

Study on the use of toltrazuril to eliminate Neospora caninum in congenitally infected lambs born from experimentally infected ewes

“…A related study treated pregnant mice with toltrazuril immediately after inoculation with N. caninum which significantly reduced foetal infection but given the timing involved would suggest the treatment was directed against the tachyzoites (Gottstein et al, 2005). In a study with the related protozoan T. gondii, treatment with toltrazuril was not totally effective in controlling infection in recently infected lambs (Kul et al, 2013) which presumably had bradyzoites of this organism in their tissues at the time of treatment.…”

Small Ruminants and Zoonotic Infections: Live or Dead—Direct or Indirect

“…However, cysts can survive insufficient microwave cooking (Lundén and Uggla 1988). In a recent study, treatment of tissue cysts in infected sheep to prevent human exposure to meat-borne toxoplasmosis have shown promising results (Kul et al 2013). Shepherds, veterinary surgeons, slaughterhouse staff and butchers are especially at risk for contracting infection from small ruminants.…”