In vivo effects of deltamethrin on some biochemical parameters of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Abstract

Thein vivo effects of deltamethrin (DM) on the blood sugar level, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) activities of the blood serum and various organs (heart, liver and intestine), the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.2.3), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, EC 2.6.1.1), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT, EC 2.6.1.2) activities of the blood serum, the adenosine triphosphatases (EC 3.6.1.3; Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase) activities of the erythrocyte plasma membrane and the catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity of the liver were examined throughout 96 h in adult carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Two sublethal concentrations, 1.0 and 1.5 µg/l of deltamethrin, were used. All fish survived the experiment except one, in an aquarium containing 1.5 ppb of DM, which died after 72 h.The AChE specific activity was significantly inhibited in the heart and intestine after 96 h at both concentrations compared to that in the control animals (P<0.05, Student'st-test), while there was no detectable difference between the two treatment. At the same time there was no detectable change in the liver. In the serum, the AChE activity almost remained unchanged; the only significant decrease could be measured after 96 h at 1.5 µg/l deltamethrin concentration. The blood glucose content exhibited interesting changes: after 24 h fish exposed at 1 µg/l DM seemed to be stressed, although this increase was not significant. When these fish became used to the new conditions (in practice this meant the presence of DM), the glucose level decreased, especially after 72 h. At the same time the control animals kept in similar circumstances showed a small insignificant decrease. Meanwhile fish in aquaria containing 1.5 µg/l DM reacted to the treatment with an increased blood glucose level after 48 h, and this did not change until the end of the treatment. The Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity decreased in a dose-dependant manner, while Mg(2+)-ATPase was less affected. A small increase in LDH level was observed, indicating damage of different muscle tissues. However, this phenomenon appeared only with the small dosage after 24 h (P<0.05). It has to be mentioned that the individual values varied to a large extent among of the eight fish.The GOT activities of the serum increased during the treatment. However, significant changes were only expressed after 72 and 96 h at 1 µg/l DM concentrations (P<0.01 andP<0.05), and after a similar long treatment at the high dosage (P<0.05, 72 and 96 h). The GPT did not change significantly in aquaria containing 1 µg/l DM. The only larger increase was measured after 96 h at 1.5 µg/l DM concentration (P<0.05). The catalase activity in the liver of treated carp remained practically at the same level compared to that in control fish.All these changes (concerning the primary effects of this compound) demonstrate the effect of DM on different fish enzymes, at low concentrations under laboratory conditions, which might be useful in practice for biomonitoring using fish.

Dimethoate, fenvalerate and their mixture affects Hylyphantes graminicola (Araneae: Linyphiidae) adults and their unexposed offspring

“…A similar reduction in CarE activity in spiders after dimethoate exposure has been reported previously (Babczynska et al, 2006). The significant, reduction in AChE activity after fenvalerate exposure is consistent with reductions observed in other invertebrate and vertebrate groups exposed to pyrethroids (Szegletes et al, 1995;Ibrahim et al, 1998), although increased AChE activity has also been observed (Badiou et al, 2008). The accompanying reduction in CarE activity after fenvalerate exposure is unexpected given that hydrolysis of pyrethroids by carboxylesterases is a rapid reaction in which the enzyme is returned (not destroyed) and therefore activity should be maintained.…”

Experimental treatments with diflubenzuron and deltamethrin of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., infected with the isopod, Ceratothoa oestroides

“…Similar lesions were observed only in rats treated with deltamethrin at doses of 25 mg kg −1 (Luty‐Tos et al., 2001), which were also high. The drug can cause changes in the erythrocyte profile and plasma total protein of carp (Szegletes et al., 1995; Svobodova et al., 2003) and is known to induce blockage of the expression of choline acetyltransferase in the bulbus axon terminals synapsing with the lateral dendrites of the Mauther cells and at high doses can induce neuropathy in fish (Csillik et al., 2000). At doses of 0.01–0.05 mg L −1 , however, this drug has been proved safe to use and an exceptional license for the drug has been granted in the past in Greece in order to treat sea lice.…”

Effects of carbaryl, permethrin, 4-nonylphenol, and copper on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in brain of surrogate and listed fish species

“…These pesticides include organophosphates, carbamates, and some organochlorines [5,18,31,32]. In addition, there are reports indicating pyrethroids' effect on the cholinergic system [1,13,30], although pyrethroids appear to have multiple mechanisms of action [4,11,26,33,34,36]. The immediate result of AChE inhibition is an increase in acetylcholine that may alter one or more steps in subsequent cholinergic pathways.…”