In Vivo Effect of Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Relieve Physical Fatigue for Sports Nutrition Supplements

Abstract

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural flavonoid polyphenol compound extracted from the plants which shows various biological activities. However, the clinical application of RSV is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability. In this study, resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (RSV- SLNs) was design as a nano-antioxidant against the physical fatigue. The resultant RSV-SLNs were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron micrographs (TEM), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy pattern. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-fatigue effect assays showed that RSV-SLNs prolonged the mice exhausted time and running distance. The biochemical parameters of blood related to fatigue suggested that RSV-SLNs have potential applications to improve the antioxidant defense of the mice after extensive exercise and confer anti-fatigue capability. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant by RSV-SLNs supplementation was investigated through the analysis of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) protein expression, which demonstrated that it could downregulate the expression of SIRT1 and increase autophagy markers, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62). These results reveal that the RSV-SLNs may have great potential used as a novel anti-fatigue sports nutritional supplement.

Trans-Resveratrol: From Phytonutrient Supplement, to Novel Nanotherapeutic Agent

“…Nanotechnology, which employs materials that measure at <100 nm in at least one dimension, has been found to improve the stability, bioavailability and activity of RES. Overall, there exist several studies exploring the action of various formulations of Nano-RES which reported improvements in stability, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, compared to RES in bulk form [70][71][72][73][74][75]. For example, nano-formulations employing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), are purported to have higher stability, and a pharmacokinetic profile indicative of sustained release.…”

“…Successful production of the SLNs and NLCs may be accomplished using waxes, fats, oils, or combinations thereof, combined with surfactant, and the application of high-pressure shear homogenization [71], sonication [72] and [73], or both [74,75]. Studies involving RES-loaded SLNs and NLCs, demonstrated higher stability compared to bulk RES, as indicated by the high zeta potentials reported (i.e., ζ > 20 mV, [74] and ζ < -20 mV, [71][72][73]75]).…”

Polyphenols as Plant-Based Nutraceuticals: Health Effects, Encapsulation, Nano-Delivery, and Application

“…Bioactive systems based on solid lipid nanoparticles have been shown to be effective in delivering hydrophobic nutraceuticals. For example, Qin et al [ 95 ] used solid lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate and deliver resveratrol, and found that resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were effective in enhancing antioxidant defense and conferring anti-fatigue capacity after extensive exercise in mice, which provides a valuable reference for resveratrol delivery systems within the field of novel anti-fatigue sports nutrition. Similarly, the bioavailability of other polyphenolic compounds such as quercetin was enhanced to varying degrees by the solid lipid nanocarriers [ 107 ].…”

Evaluation of Trans-Resveratrol as a Treatment for Periodontitis

“…Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are commonly employed to improve the therapeutic potential of hydrophobic drugs such as RES. Furthermore, findings that assessed the pharmacological potential of RES-loaded SLNs and NLCs, indicated their higher stability and sustained release compared to RES in its bulk form [123][124][125][126][127][128].…”