In vivo downregulation of protein synthesis in the snail<i>Helix apersa</i>during estivation

Pakay, Julian L.; Withers, Philip C.; Hobbs, Andrew A.; Guppy, Michael

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00636.2001

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Protein synthesis is an energy-expensive process and can account for as much as 37% of aerobic metabolism in crustaceans (Houlihan et al, 1990). Indeed, a significant reduction in protein synthesis during metabolic depression has been reported in numerous organisms and is frequently associated with the liver and hepatopancreas (Hochachka et al, 1996;Fuery et al, 1998;Pakay et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy metabolism and metabolic depression during exercise inCallinectes sapidus, the Atlantic blue crab: effects of the bacterial pathogenVibrio campbellii

Thibodeaux

Burnett

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYCallinectes sapidus (Rathbun), the Atlantic blue crab, commonly harbors low to moderate amounts of bacteria in hemolymph and other tissues. These bacteria are typically dominated by Vibrio spp., which are known to cause mortality in the blue crab. The dose-dependent lethality of an isolate of Vibrio campbellii was determined in crabs; the mean 48h LD 50 (half-maximal lethal dose) was 6.2ϫ10 5 colony forming unitsg -1 crab. Injection of a sublethal dose of V. campbellii into the hemolymph of the crab resulted in a rapid and large depression (30-42%) of metabolic rate, which persisted for 24h. Because gills are an organ of immune function as well as respiration, we were interested in how bacteria injected into the crab would affect the energetic costs associated with walking. Overall metabolism (aerobic and anaerobic) more than doubled in crabs walking for 30min at 8mmin -1 . The metabolic depression resulting from bacterial injection persisted throughout the exercise period and patterns of phosphagen and adenylate consumption within walking leg muscle were not affected by treatment. The ability of crabs to supply required energy for walking is largely unaffected by exposure to Vibrio; however, Vibrio-injected crabs are less aerobic while doing so. This depressed metabolic condition in response to bacteria, present during moderate activity, could be a passive result of mounting an immune response or may indicate an actively regulated metabolic depression. A compromised metabolism can affect the performance of daily activities, such as feeding and predator avoidance or affect the ability to cope with environmental stressors, such as hypoxia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy metabolism and metabolic depression during exercise inCallinectes sapidus, the Atlantic blue crab: effects of the bacterial pathogenVibrio campbellii

Thibodeaux

Burnett

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In general, during aestivation there is a marked decrease in metabolic activity (Pakay et al, 2002;Storey, 2002;Storey and Storey, 1990). This metabolic slow-down is especially evident in land snails and allows them to survive even in extreme arid conditions (Schmidt-Nielsen et al, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural annual cycle of heat shock protein expression in land snails: desertversusMediterranean species ofSphincterochila

Arad

Mizrahi

Goldenberg

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYLand snails are subject to daily and seasonal variations in temperature and in water availability, and have evolved annual cycles of activity and aestivation as part of their survival strategy. We tested in the field whether adaptation to different habitats affects the endogenous levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in two closely related Sphincterochila snail species, a desiccation-resistant desert species, Sphincterochila zonata, and a Mediterranean-type, desiccation-sensitive species, S. cariosa. We examined HSP levels in various tissues of snails during aestivation and after resumption of activity. Our study shows that, during aestivation, S. cariosa had higher standing stocks of Hsp70 in the foot and the hepatopancreas, and of small HSPs (sHSPs) in all the examined tissues, whereas S. zonata had higher stocks of Hsp70 in the kidney and of Hsp90 in the kidney and in the hepatopancreas. Arousal induced a general upregulation of HSPs, except for Hsp90, the expression of which in the foot was higher during aestivation. We suggest that the stress protein machinery is upregulated during arousal in anticipation of possible oxidative stress ensuing from the accelerating metabolic rate and the exit from the deep hypometabolic state. Our findings support the concept that, in land snails, aestivation and activity represent two distinct physiological states, and suggest that land snails use HSPs as important components of the aestivation mechanism, and as part of their survival strategy during and after arousal. Our study also indicates that adaptation to different habitats results in the development of distinct strategies of HSP expression with likely consequences for the ecology and distribution of land snails. Supplementary material available online at

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“…During aestivation there is a marked decrease in metabolic activity that allows land snails to survive even in extreme arid conditions (Pakay et al 2002;Storey 2002;SchmidtNielsen et al 1971). The onset of activity occurs with the beginning of the rainy season, when snails replenish their water reserves.…”

Section: Natural Annual Cycle Of Heat Shock Proteins Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat shock proteins and survival strategies in congeneric land snails (Sphincterochila) from different habitats

Mizrahi

Heller

Goldenberg

et al. 2012

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Polmunate land snails are subject to stress conditions in their terrestrial habitat, and depend on a range of behavioural, physiological and biochemical adaptations for coping with problems of maintaining water, ionic and thermal balance. The involvement of the heat shock protein (HSP) machinery in land snails was demonstrated following short-term experimental aestivation and heat stress, suggesting that land snails use HSPs as part of their survival strategy. As climatic variation was found to be associated with HSP expression, we tested whether adaptation of land snails to different habitats affects HSP expression in two closely related Sphincterochila snail species, a desert species Sphincterochila zonata and a Mediterranean-type species Sphincterochila cariosa. Our study suggests that Sphincterochila species use HSPs as part of their survival strategy following desiccation and heat stress, and as part of the natural annual cycle of activity and aestivation. Our studies also indicate that adaptation to different habitats results in the development of distinct strategies of HSP expression in response to stress, namely the reduced expression of HSPs in the desert-inhabiting species. We suggest that these different strategies reflect the difference in heat and aridity encountered in the natural habitats, and that the desert species S. zonata relies on mechanisms and adaptations other than HSP induction thus avoiding the fitness consequences of continuous HSP upregulation.

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In vivo downregulation of protein synthesis in the snailHelix apersaduring estivation

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

Energy metabolism and metabolic depression during exercise inCallinectes sapidus, the Atlantic blue crab: effects of the bacterial pathogenVibrio campbellii

Energy metabolism and metabolic depression during exercise inCallinectes sapidus, the Atlantic blue crab: effects of the bacterial pathogenVibrio campbellii

Natural annual cycle of heat shock protein expression in land snails: desertversusMediterranean species ofSphincterochila

Heat shock proteins and survival strategies in congeneric land snails (Sphincterochila) from different habitats

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