In vivo determination of the Infrared‐A protection factor on human skin

Abstract

Although the sun emits a variety of rays, the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is mainly composed of UVA, UVB, visible, and infrared irradiation. Of these, UV irradiation can easily induce physiological changes on the skin, such as erythema and pigment darkening, and so was considered to be the main factor of photoaging. [1][2][3][4][5] However, many studies have recently reported that IR-A (near-infrared radiation; 760-1400 nm) can also contribute to photoaging in human skin. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Although IR-A accounts for approximately one-third of the total energy of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface, few reports have evaluated in vivo IR-A protection on human skin. IR-A can easily penetrate up to the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and can induce skin aging by mechanisms

Development and characterisation of an irradiation device for biomedical studies covering the solar spectrum with individual regulated spectral bands

“…Accordingly, there is a longstanding interest in the role of UVB and UVA [1,37]. More recently, also IR and VIS gained interest and were investigated more extensively concerning their contribution to cellular damage [24,[38][39][40][41]. However, the effect of the solar spectrum (ss) with all its wavelength combinations, is not well understood and is likely far more complex than the combined (additive) action of all individual wavelengths.…”

High‐resolution 3‐D scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of DOTTM polynucleotides (PN): Unique scaffold characteristics and potential applications in biomedicine

“…Unlike hyaluronic acid (HA), most injectable biostimulators are not reversible, making their use a careful decision. 5 Even though HA injections can be reversible with hyaluronidase, this still does not exclude its use from developing side effects. Furthermore, while inflammation is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the aging process and delayed complications, the precise mechanisms through which inflammation adversely affects aging in the broader context of the aging process remain a largely uncharted territory, warranting further investigation.…”

“…One remarkable advantage of PN is its exemplary safety profile, with no reported cases of necrosis or blindness resulting from intravascular compromise to date. 5 Despite this promising safety record, PN's mode of action had long been assumed to mirror that of polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN), even though no published evidence supported this assumption. Both PN and PDRN were considered A 2 A receptor agonists, believed to stimulate angiogenesis and growth factors, among other functions.…”

“…The improvement rates of pore volume and roughness were higher in the PN group but the improvement was not significant for global aesthetic improvement scale, visual analog scale or dermal density 28. In more recent developments, Kim MJ et al published two cases where DOT™ PN was successfully used to volumize areas in the face traditionally only treated with other dermal fillers 5. Lee at al.…”