In vivo determination of subject-specific musculotendon parameters: applications to the prime elbow flexors in normal and hemiparetic subjects

Parameters Representing Muscle Tone, Elasticity and Stiffness of Biceps Brachii in Healthy Older Males: Symmetry and Within-Session Reliability Using the MyotonPRO

“…The angle of 10-15 degrees used may therefore still involve some stretch on the BB muscle, although the angle was not actually measured, so may have been near the optimal angle in cases. In light of the Koo et al [37] study findings, which the current authors have become aware of since conducting the present study, the recommended elbow angle would be 20 degrees. An investigation is needed to document the effect of elbow angle on Myoton results within the range examined in the electrical stimulation study by Koo et al [37].…”

“…In light of the Koo et al [37] study findings, which the current authors have become aware of since conducting the present study, the recommended elbow angle would be 20 degrees. An investigation is needed to document the effect of elbow angle on Myoton results within the range examined in the electrical stimulation study by Koo et al [37]. Changes in the shape of the muscle with ageing may have caused variability in relation to testing the true muscle belly, which was more medial in older participants than experienced in younger participants in a related study [38].…”

“…The elbow angle used in the present study (approximately 10-15 degrees) was intended to release stretch on the BB muscle. However, a study on electrical stimulation of BB at different elbow angles showed that the optimal angle of biceps is about 20 degrees [37]. The angle of 10-15 degrees used may therefore still involve some stretch on the BB muscle, although the angle was not actually measured, so may have been near the optimal angle in cases.…”

Subject-specific musculoskeletal parameters of wrist flexors and extensors estimated by an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model

“…Two indexes were also calculated [7] (Table II). The first index is the ratio of the tendon slack length to the optimal muscle length, L TS /L oM .…”

“…Musculoskeletal models developed so far can be mainly categorized as inverse dynamic models and forward dynamic models [4][5][6]. There is yet another approach which merges the above two and can be used to calibrate and validate a musculoskeletal model: a hybrid forward and inverse dynamic model [4,7].…”