In Vivo Detection of Coronary Artery Anomalies in Asymptomatic Athletes by Echocardiographic Screening

Computed tomography in the evaluation of the anomalous origin of the coronary artery: coexistence with other congenital heart disease in an adult population

“…The echocardiographic study by Davis et al [6] was performed on adolescent asymptomatic subjects, which resulted in a low incidence of coronary anomalies in those patients. This suggestion is consistent with results of an another echocardiography analysis by Zeppilli et al [20] who performed a study in asymptomatic athletes and revealed only 3 (0.09%) patients with anomalous origin of a coronary artery.…”

“…Until the last decade, the detection of abnormally originating coronary artery was performed using invasive coronary angiography (ICA), sectional examination or echocardiography [1,2,6,7,10,19,20]. The recent invention of multidetector cardiac computed tomography (CT) allowed for non-invasive examination of coronary arteries, including their origin [13].…”

Proximal Anomalous Connections of Coronary Arteries in Adults

“…Several studies have reported the echocardiographic prevalence of ANOCOR particularly in paediatric populations or young adults. An anomalous connection with the opposite sinus was found in 4 cases (0.2%) in a series of 2388 children or adolescents referred for innocent murmurs or functional assessments (Davis et al, 2001), and in 3 cases (0.09%) in 3504 (mean age, 30 years) asymptomatic athletes (Zeppilli et al, 1998). In the latter study a clear visualization of both ostia was obtained in 90% of cases.…”

Right Coronary Artery Anomaly Coursing on the Right Atrium in a Patient Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

“…9 Zeppili et al 10 studied in vivo detection of coronary artery anomalies in asymptomatic 3150 athletes by echocardiographic screening and found two athletes (0,06%) with an RCA origin from the left sinus. Taylor et al 11 observed that, anomalous with the highest rate of sudden death with or without exercise (left or right coronary artery from the contralateral coronary sinus), 66% of patients were asymptomatic at the time of death.…”