In vivo dental plaque-forming ability and cariogenicity of the bacterium Streptococcus bovis in gnotobiotic rats

Willcox, Mark; Drucker, D.B.; Green, R.M.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(90)90178-d

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The latter study has suggested also that organisms other than the MS and lactobacilli may contribute significantly to the acidity of dental plaque. Organisms of interest in this regard should include the non-mutans streptococci (non-MS), because they are numerous in plaque, can often reach a very low final pH (Carlsson, 1967;Kilian et al, 1989), and can exhibit significant cariogenicity in rodents (Willcox et al, 1990). Our recent studies have focused, therefore, on the final pH of these organisms in sugar broth as an indicator of the lowest pH at which acidogenesis can occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Final pH of Bacteria Comprising the Predominant Flora on Sound and Carious Human Root and Enamel Surfaces

Houte¹,

Lopman²,

Kent³

1996

J Dent Res

116

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Acidogenesis at low pH appears to be an important bacterial cariogenic trait. However, most information in this regard pertains to only a few of the acidogenic dental plaque bacteria. Therefore, the 'final' pH in sugar broth was determined for a wide variety of oral bacteria. Their source was: (1) carious material from advanced root lesions (ARL), (2) plaque from sound root surfaces of root-caries-free subjects (SRS), (3) plaque from "white spot" coronal lesions and sound coronal surfaces of caries-active subjects, and (4) plaque from sound coronal surfaces of caries-free subjects. Strains from groups 1 and 2 (ARL, 389 strains; SRS, 358 strains) were previously identified (van Houte et al., 1994) to the genus/species level and belonged to the predominant cultivable flora (PCF). Strains from groups 3 and 4 also belonged to the PCF but were not identified. All strains were placed in one of 4 final pH categories: < 4.2, 4.2-4.4, 4.4-4.6, and > or = 4.6. The main findings were: (1) ARL samples contained many strains with a final pH < 4.2 (mean percentage of 25.7). They included all strains of Lactobacillus and mutans streptococci (MS), most Bifidobacterium strains and non-mutans streptococci (non-MS), and about 20% of the Actinomyces strains. By contrast, SRS samples contained far fewer strains with a final pH < 4.2 (mean percentage of 8.4) which were nearly all non-MS. (2) Organisms with a final pH < 4.4 constituted mean percentages of 41.5 and 32.1 for the ARL and SRS samples, respectively. (3) The final pH distribution of strains in samples from coronal surfaces showed a tendency relative to caries activity (group 3 vs. group 4) similar to that for groups 1 and 2. Our findings further support the concept that increased cariogenic conditions are associated with increased proportions of organisms capable of acidogenesis at a low pH and that this shift involves organisms other than the MS and lactobacilli.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Final pH of Bacteria Comprising the Predominant Flora on Sound and Carious Human Root and Enamel Surfaces

Houte¹,

Lopman²,

Kent³

1996

J Dent Res

116

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“…Recently, groups of 'low-pH' non-mutans streptococci (non-MS) have been implied to be associated with dental caries. They appear at higher levels in the high-caries individuals [van Houte et al, 1991;Sansone et al, 1993], produce organic acid at low pH (!4.4), induce caries in rodents [Willcox et al, 1990] and are also prevalent in 'white-spot' caries [van Ruyven et al, 2000]. To clarify the relationship between non-MS and dental caries further, it is important to study the status of this group of bacteria prior to the onset of clinical lesions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Mutans Streptococci in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy in the Head and Neck Area

Tong

Gao²,

Dong³

2003

Caries Res

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Objective: To study mutans and non-mutans streptococci in patients after radiotherapy of the head and neck. Methods: Oral rinse samples collected from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients before and after radiotherapy were diluted and cultured on nonselective and selective media for enumeration of total cultivable plaque flora, mutans and non-mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Non-mutans streptococci were identified biochemically and by 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis. Results: After irradiation, mutans streptococci were not isolated; the levels of Streptococcus mitis and lactobacilli increased significantly. The level of Streptococcus salivarius increased, but the significance was the borderline. The level of Streptococcus sanguis decreased significantly after irradiation. The abundance of other oral streptococci species showed no significant changes. Conclusions: S. mitis and S. salivarius are the predominant non-mutans streptococci in the high-caries-risk oral flora following radiotherapy.

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“…Attention has to be paid to the role of low pH non-mutans streptococci [van Houte, 1994;Alam et al, 2000;van Ruyven et al, 2000]. These microorganisms are capable of acidogenesis at low pH [Sansone et al, 1993] and exhibit considerable cariogenic potential in experimental rodents [Willcox et al, 1990]. The alleged action of chlorhexidine is based on a direct bactericidal effect [Giertsen and Scheie, 1995] due to its high concentration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorhexidine Efficacy in Preventing Lesion Formation in Enamel and Dentine

Strijp¹,

Gerardu²,

Buijs³

et al. 2008

Caries Res

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Background: Clinical studies on the caries-preventive properties of chlorhexidine mouthrinses are limited and the results are inconclusive. Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate the contribution of a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse to the protection of enamel and dentine against demineralization. Methods: In this randomized two-treatment, two-leg study 14 individuals wearing partial prostheses were enrolled. Sound enamel and dentine specimens were placed in situ for 4 weeks. Twice daily, a mouthrinse was performed with either chlorhexidine or saline (control) depending on the experimental group the participant was allocated to. After the experimental period, plaque samples were collected from the surface of the specimens and from natural tooth surfaces to assess the organic acid production upon a sucrose challenge. The specimens were analyzed for mineral loss by transversal microradiography. Results: This study could not demonstrate a significantly better protection of enamel and dentine against demineralization by the chlorhexidine treatment compared to saline. No differences in acid production of plaque samples from the chlorhexidine-treated and control groups were observed. This result was also found for plaque samples originating from the natural tooth surfaces. Conclusion: Mouth rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine did not prevent demineralization of dentine and enamel in situ.

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In vivo dental plaque-forming ability and cariogenicity of the bacterium Streptococcus bovis in gnotobiotic rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

The Final pH of Bacteria Comprising the Predominant Flora on Sound and Carious Human Root and Enamel Surfaces

The Final pH of Bacteria Comprising the Predominant Flora on Sound and Carious Human Root and Enamel Surfaces

Non-Mutans Streptococci in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy in the Head and Neck Area

Chlorhexidine Efficacy in Preventing Lesion Formation in Enamel and Dentine

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