“…Research substantiating this hypothesis includes findings that extracellular CRF levels are increased in the central amygdala during cocaine, ethanol, cannabinoid, and opioid withdrawal in rats (Richter and Weiss 1999;Merlo-Pich et al 1995;Rodriguez de Fonseca et al 1997;Weiss et al 2001, respectively) and that tissue content levels of CRF in the amygdala are depleted during withdrawal from cocaine or ethanol Funk et al 2006). CRF antagonists have been found to reduce negative emotional states during withdrawal from cocaine (Basso et al 1999, Przegalinski et al 2005, methamphetamine (Moffet and Goeders 2007), nicotine (Bruijnzeel et al 2007), and ethanol (Baldwin et al 1991, Rassnick et al 1993Menzaghi et al 1994).…”