In Vivo Comparative Antithrombotic Effects of Ioxaglate and Iohexol and Interaction With the Platelet Antiaggregant Clopidogrel

Abstract

These data show a greater in vivo antithrombotic potential for the ionic contrast medium ioxaglate than for the non-ionic contrast medium iohexol and, for the first time, a synergistic effect between a contrast medium and a platelet antiaggregant drug in vivo.

Stimulation of nitric oxide production contributes to the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effect of new peptide pENW (pGlu-Asn-Trp)

“…The thrombosis model was established as previously described, with some modification [24,25]. In brief, male Sprague-Dawley rats, anesthetized with chloral hydrate (0.3 g/kg), were fixed in the supine position.…”

Cardiac events after low osmolar ionic or isosmolar nonionic contrast media utilization in the current era of coronary angioplasty

“…Several experimental studies have demonstrated nonionic contrast media to have greater potential for thrombus formation, thrombin generation, and platelet activation than ionic contrast media [4][5][6], but all nonionic media may not share the same thrombogenic potential. The nonionic isosmolar dimer iodixanol appears to have less thrombogenic potential and more favorable effects on endothelial cells than the nonionic low osmolar monomer iohexol [14].…”

“…Compared with nonionic low osmolar contrast agents, high osmolar ionic contrast agents have been shown to increase the risk of adverse cardiac events during coronary angiography [1][2][3]. However, a greater in vivo antithrombotic potential, a systemic antiplatelet effect, and a lower thrombin generation and a lower activation of the platelet effect have been reported with ionic than with nonionic low osmolar contrast media [4][5][6]. Similarly, in vitro studies have shown that prevention of thrombin formation and platelet activation was only achieved with ionic low osmolar and not with nonionic isosmolar contrast [7][8][9].…”

Effect of contrast media on vascular smooth muscle cells

“…Although contrast media (CMs) are essential for X-ray angiography, intravascular injection of CMs may cause adverse effects, such as pain, ventricular fibrillation, and nephropathy (1,2,7,21,32).…”

“…Renal injury can be caused by all CMs, but the degree of nephrotoxicity varies between different CMs, and osmolality plays a big role (6). Antithrombotic activity is not greater with ionic ioxaglate, but anticoagulant activity is (21). On the other hand, there is less nephrotoxicity with iso-osmolar CMs than with low-osmolar CMs (1).…”