In vivo cell-mediated immunity and vaccination response following prolonged, intense exercise

Bruunsgaard, Helle; Hartkopp, Andreas; Möhr, Thomas; Konradsen, Helle Bossen; Heron, Iver; Mordhorst, Carl H.; Pedersen, Bente Klarlund

doi:10.1097/00005768-199709000-00009

Cited by 119 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, Kohut et al [38] sustained that trained elderly people had a better anti-influenza response to influenza vaccination. Unlike, Bruunsgaard et al [8], data reported no changes in tri-athletes, after a race, in response to diphtheria, tetanus, and pneumococcal vaccination, suggesting that humoral immunity was not affected by intensive exercise.…”

Section: Physical Activity In Elderly Peoplecontrasting

confidence: 58%

Acquired immunity: immunosenescence and physical activity

Malaguarnera

Cristaldi

Lipari

2008

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Several lines of evidence indicate that infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders occur more frequently in elderly people, thus suggesting that altered function of immune organs and cells, such as thymus and T and B lymphocytes are of primary importance in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Furthermore, old subjects are less responsive to vaccine than younger because of immune changes. The most common changes accompanying the adaptive immune system include decrement of T and B cells proliferation, repertoire degeneracy, increase of the memory cell type, decreased numbers of naive cells, and shift from T helper 1 (Th1) to T helper 2 (Th2) response. Regular exercise in the elderly may improve the alterations in acquired immunity which follow the physiological process of aging, allowing a major resistance against external pathogens and a better quality of life.

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Section: Physical Activity In Elderly Peoplecontrasting

confidence: 58%

Acquired immunity: immunosenescence and physical activity

Malaguarnera

Cristaldi

Lipari

2008

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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“…T lymphocytes play a fundamental role in the orchestration and regulation of the cell-mediated immune response (Gleeson and Bishop 2005), whilst defects in T cell function are linked to increased viral infections (Faabri et al 2003). It is not known whether decreases in T cell number (this study) and function (Bruunsgaard et al 1997;Ronsen et al 2001) are due to exercise-induced apoptosis (Mars et al 1998) or redistribution of cells to other compartments (Gleeson and Bishop 2005). It should be noted that lymphocyte functional capacity was not measured in the current study and requires further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Time course of changes in immuneoendocrine markers following an international rugby game

Hore²,

et al. 2009

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Intense exercise is known to cause temporary impairments in immune function. Few studies, however, have investigated the effects of intense competitive exercise on immunoendocrine variables in elite team sport athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time course of changes in selected immunoendocrine and inflammatory markers following an international rugby union game. Blood samples were taken from players (n = 10) on camp entry, the morning of the game (pre), immediately after (post) and 14 and 38 h into a passive recovery period. Players lost 1.4 +/- 0.2 kg of body mass during the game (ambient conditions, 11 degrees C, 45% RH). An acute phase inflammatory response was observed as reflected through immediate increases in serum cortisol and IL-6 (post) followed by delayed increases in serum creatine kinase (CK; 14 h) activity and C-reactive protein (CRP; 38 h); P < 0.05. Decreases in the number of circulating T lympocytes, NK cells and bacteria-stimulated neutrophil degranulation were also observed post-exercise (P < 0.05), indicative of decreased host immune protection. Following a large decrease in serum testosterone to cortisol (T/C) ratio immediately post and 14 h after exercise, T/C values then increased above those observed at camp entry 38 h into recovery (P < 0.05). This rebound anabolic stimulus may represent a physiological requirement for recovery following intense tissue damage resulting from game collisions. The findings also suggest that a game of international rugby elicits disturbances in host immunity, which last up 38 h into the recovery period.

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“…In most exercise studies, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-␣ does not change. Only highly strenuous, prolonged exer-cise such as marathon running results in a small increase in the plasma concentration of TNF-␣ (42,330,346,359). In general, the cytokine response to exercise and sepsis differs with regard to TNF-␣.…”

Section: Exercise and Cytokines With Focus On Interleukin-6 A Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6

Pedersen¹,

Febbraio²

2008

Physiological Reviews

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1,646

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Skeletal muscle has recently been identified as an endocrine organ. It has, therefore, been suggested that cytokines and other peptides that are produced, expressed, and released by muscle fibers and exert paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine effects should be classified as “myokines.” Recent research demonstrates that skeletal muscles can produce and express cytokines belonging to distinctly different families. However, the first identified and most studied myokine is the gp130 receptor cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 was discovered as a myokine because of the observation that it increases up to 100-fold in the circulation during physical exercise. Identification of IL-6 production by skeletal muscle during physical activity generated renewed interest in the metabolic role of IL-6 because it created a paradox. On one hand, IL-6 is markedly produced and released in the postexercise period when insulin action is enhanced but, on the other hand, IL-6 has been associated with obesity and reduced insulin action. This review focuses on the myokine IL-6, its regulation by exercise, its signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, and its role in metabolism in both health and disease.

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In vivo cell-mediated immunity and vaccination response following prolonged, intense exercise

Cited by 119 publications

References 15 publications

Acquired immunity: immunosenescence and physical activity

Acquired immunity: immunosenescence and physical activity

Time course of changes in immuneoendocrine markers following an international rugby game

Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6

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