In Vivo Biological Effects of Marine Biosilica on a Tibial Bone Defect in Rats

Abstract

Research on biomaterials of natural origin has gained prominence in the literature. Above all, marine sponges, due to their architecture and structural components, present a promising potential for the engineering of bone tissue. In vitro studies demonstrate that a biosilica of marine sponges has osteogenic potential. However, in vivo works are needed to elucidate the interaction of biosilica (BS) and bone tissue. The objective of the study was to evaluate the morphological and chemical characteristics of BS compared to Bioglass (BG) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive energy (EDX) spectroscopy. In addition, to evaluate the biological effects of BS, through an experimental model of tibial bone defect using histopathological, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical (IHC) and mechanical tests. SEM and EDX demonstrated the successful extraction of BS. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that Control Group (GC) had greater formation of newly formed bone tissue compared to BG and BS, yet BG bone neoformation was greater than BS. However, BS showed material degradation and granulation tissue formation, with HIGHLIGHTS  BS was isolated from specimens of the marine sponge Tedania ignis collected in the north coast of São Paulo, Brazil. BS derived from marine sponges has been used as a promising raw material for bone grafts substitutes and tissue engineering proposes. The present work successfully obtained crystalline BS from marine sponges, able of properly interacting with bone tissue. The results are very inspiring toward further in vivo investigations. Cruz, M. A..; et al.

Injectable and Self-Healing Hydrogels with Double-Dynamic Bond Tunable Mechanical, Gel–Sol Transition and Drug Delivery Properties for Promoting Periodontium Regeneration in Periodontitis

“…Transforming growth factor TGF-β has a positive effect for stimulating matrix protein synthesis and bone cell proliferation and thereby promotes bone remodeling . IHC stainings of TGF-β were used to investigate the factors responsible for promoting regeneration of the alveolar bone (Figure a2–f2,i).…”

“…Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was carried out using TGF-β, IL-1, and TNF-α antibodies, following a standard protocol. Transforming growth factor TGF-β has a positive effect for stimulating matrix protein synthesis and bone cell proliferation and, thereby promotes bone remodeling . IHC stainings of TGF-β were used to investigate the factors for promoting regeneration of the alveolar bone.…”

3D printed scaffolds of biosilica and spongin from marine sponges: Analysis of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for bone tissue repair

“…Biosilica (BS) makes part of the inorganic skeleton of the marine sponges and it is formed by an enzymatic and silicatein-mediated reaction [9]. Some authors have extracted BS from sponges and demonstrated, through in vitro studies, evidences of BS osteogenic activity and ability to stimulate mineralization, upregulating the expression of genes related to bone cell differentiation and increase cell proliferation [10,11]. Also, marine spongin (SPG), with similar composition to vertebrate collagen, has been considered as a natural compound for tissue bioregeneration [12].…”

In vivo effects of biosilica and spongin-like collagen scaffolds on the healing process in osteoporotic rats

“…Among the marine biodiversity, marine sponges (the phylum Porifera) are one of the most promising sources of biological elements and molecules, with a vast therapeutic potential for a wide range of applications due mainly to the antitumor, antiviral, anti-in ammatory and antibiotic effects (SILVA et al, 2014). The inorganic part of the sponges, the glassy amorphous silica called biosilica (BS), and the organic part, the spongin-like collagen (SPG), have demonstrated bene cial effects on osteoblast and broblast cell proliferation and on the stimulation of tissue healing (DE ALMEIDA CRUZ et al, 2020;GABBAI-ARMELIN et al, 2018). Because silica ions are known as an important element to stimulate bone formation, BS (glassy amorphous silica-SiO 2 ) containing water and small amounts of Al, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Na, S, and Zn (EHRLICH et al, 2010) has been demonstrated to have osteogenic effects in in vitro and in vivo studies (WANG et al, 2014).…”