In Vivo Bioavailability of Selenium in Selenium-Enriched Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecium in CD IGS Rats

Abstract

The selenium (Se) enrichment of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has recently emerged as a novel concept; the individual health effects of these beneficial microorganisms are combined by supplying the essential micronutrient Se in a more bioavailable and less toxic form. This study investigated the bioavailability of Se in the strains Enterococcus faecium CCDM 922A (EF) and Streptococcus thermophilus CCDM 144 (ST) and their respective Se-enriched forms, SeEF and SeST, in a CD (SD-Sprague Dawley) IGS rat model. Se-enriched LAB administration resulted in higher Se concentrations in the liver and kidneys of rats, where selenocystine was the prevalent Se species. The administration of both Se-enriched strains improved the antioxidant status of the animals. The effect of the diet was more pronounced in the heart tissue, where a lower glutathione reductase content was observed, irrespective of the Se fortification in LAB. Interestingly, rats fed diets with EF and SeEF had higher glutathione reductase activity. Reduced concentrations of serum malondialdehyde were noted following Se supplementation. Diets containing Se-enriched strains showed no macroscopic effects on the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain and had no apparent influence on the basic parameters of the lipid metabolism. Both the strains tested herein showed potential for further applications as promising sources of organically bound Se and Se nanoparticles.

Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Minerals in Relation to a Healthy Gut Microbiome

“…In a study by Wastney et al [152] the enteric absorption of single doses of SeMet by healthy subjects was 98%, indicating the high bioaccessibility of SeMet. Moreover, another investigation demonstrated that the bacterial selenized forms selenocystein (SeCys) and SeMet were also present in the liver and kidney tissues of rats after 58 days under an experimental diet [27]. In a further study, the Se content in the liver of animals fed a diet fortified with Se-enriched Bifidobacterium longum was much higher than that of animals fed a selenite-enriched diet [29].…”

“…Bacteria may compete with the host for Se when availability becomes limiting [148], although, in the mouse model, Lactobacillus plantarum enriched with Se and Zn increases antioxidant activity and blood Se levels [135]. In the study of Krausova et al [27], the administration of Se-enriched lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecium) improved the antioxidant status of the rats.…”

“…The extant literature has been searched using Scholar, PubMed, Web-of-Science, and Scopus from inception to March 2021 via database-adapted search strings based on the following key-words: micronutrient, gut microbiome, physical activity, athletes, fitness, and combinations thereof. [19,20]; Amdekar et al [21]; Aljewicz et al [22]; Bergillos-Meca et al [23]; Skrypnik and Suliburska [24]; Lidbeck et al [25]; Massot-Cladera et al [26]; Krausova et al [27]; Malyar et al [28] and Zhou et al [29].…”

“…Bacterial strains related to mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Image created according to Whisner et al[19,20]; Amdekar et al[21]; Aljewicz et al[22]; Bergillos-Meca et al[23]; Skrypnik and Suliburska[24]; Lidbeck et al[25]; Massot-Cladera et al[26]; Krausova et al[27]; Malyar et al[28] and Zhou et al[29].…”

Selenium in Human Health and Gut Microflora: Bioavailability of Selenocompounds and Relationship With Diseases

“…The bioavailability of Se on Enterococcus faecium CCDM 922A (EF) and Streptococcus thermophilus CCDM 144 (ST) and their respective forms enriched with Se, SeEF, and SeST, improved their antioxidant status in animal models (151). Selenium works by blocking the activation of nuclear factor-kB through modulation of expression of selenoprotein genes and by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (152).…”