In vivo antimalarial activities of Enantia polycarpa stem bark against Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice

Anosa, GN; Udegbunam, Rita Ijeoma; Okoro, Josephine O.; Okoroafor, O. N.

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.022

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Anosa et al [54] studied in vivo antiplasmodial activity of ethanolic extract of stem bark of Enantia polycarpa in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei . The extracts exhibited promising activity against both the early and established infection and achieved 75.8% and 72% chemo-suppression and increased the MST after administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalarial efficacy of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain) and Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

Satish¹,

Sunita²

2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe objective of the current study was to assess the in vitro antiplasmodial activities of leaf, bark, flower, and the root of Pongamia pinnata against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain), cytotoxicity against Brine shrimp larvae and THP-1 cell line. For in vivo study, the plant extract which has shown potent in vitro antimalarial activity was tested against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain).MethodsThe plant Pongamia pinnata was collected from the herbal garden of Acharya Nagarjuna University of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Sequentially crude extracts of methanol (polar), chloroform (non-polar), hexane (non-polar), ethyl acetate (non-polar) and aqueous (polar) of dried leaves, bark, flowers and roots of Pongamia pinnata were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were screened for in vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum 3D7 strain. The cytotoxicity studies of crude extracts were conducted against Brine shrimp larvae and THP-1 cell line. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was carried out by following the standard methods. The chemical injury to erythrocytes due to the plant extracts was checked. The in vivo study was conducted on P. berghei (ANKA) infected BALB/c albino mice by following 4-Day Suppressive, Repository, and Curative tests.ResultsOut of all the tested extracts, the methanol extract of the bark of Pongamia pinnata had shown an IC50 value of 11.67 μg/mL with potent in vitro antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that this extract was not toxic against Brine shrimp and THP-1 cells. The injury to erythrocytes analysis had not shown any morphological alterations and damage to the erythrocytes after 48 h of incubation. Because methanolic bark extract of Pongamia pinnata has shown good antimalarial activity in vitro, it was also tested in vivo. So the extract had exhibited an excellent activity against P. berghei malaria parasite while decrement of parasite counts was moderately low and dose-dependent (P < 0.05) when compared to the control groups, which shown a daily increase of parasitemia, unlike the CQ-treated groups. The highest concentration of the extract (1000 mg/kg b.wt./day) had shown 83.90, 87.47 and 94.67% of chemo-suppression during Suppressive, Repository, and Curative tests respectively which is almost nearer to the standard drug Chloroquine (5 mg/kg b.wt./day). Thus, the study has revealed that the methanolic bark extract had shown promisingly high ((P < 0.05) and dose-dependent chemo-suppression. The phytochemical screening of the crude extracts had shown the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, carbohydrates, phenols, coumarins, saponins, phlobatannins and steroids.ConclusionsThe present study is useful to develop new antimalarial drugs in the scenario of the growing resistance to the existing antimalarials. Thus, additional research is needed to characterize the bioactive molecules of the extracts of Pongamia pinnata that are responsible for inhibition of malaria parasite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalarial efficacy of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain) and Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

Satish¹,

Sunita²

2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Medicinal plants serve as natural reserves, where new antimalarial agents could be obtained [19]. The stem bark of A. polycarpa has been established as an anti-malarial agent [11], but there is no literature to validate the use of the leaf as anti-malarial agent. The current study therefore sought to evaluate the anti-malarial activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of A. polycarpa (APLE) and validate its traditional use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical of such medicinal plants is A. polycarpa which belongs to the Annonaceae family of flowering plants. Even though the ethanolic stem bark extract of A. polycarpa is known to treat malaria [11], there is no literature to show that the leaf has anti-malarial property. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the anti-malarial potential of 96 % ethanol extract of the leaf of A. polycarpa (APLE) in chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Annickia polycarpa (Stten and Mass.) Annonaceae, leaf extract on chemo-suppression of hyperparasitemia, body weight, hematological indices and survivor time of Plasmodium berghei infested mice in the Peter’s test

Ayertey¹,

Kumatia²,

Bagyour³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Malaria is an infectious disease that is spread through the bite of female anopheles mosquito resulting in the death of hundreds of thousands of people per year. Medicinal plants provide crude extracts and purified compounds for malaria treatment. Annickia polycarpa is one of such plants whose bark is used for this purpose. However, the antimalaria effect of its leaf is not known. We hereby report the investigation of antimalaria effect of A. polycarpa leaf. Methods: Antimalaria effect of the ethanol extract of A. polycarpa leaf (APLE) was investigated in P. berghei infested ICR mice in the Peter’s test. The effect of the extract on development and chemo-suppression of hyperparasitemia, reduction in body weight and mean survival time were evaluated. Full blood count analysis on the infected mice were performed to determine the effect of treatment with APLE on hematological indices such as red and white blood cells and platelets. Acute toxicity and phytochemical tests of the extract were also performed. Results: APLE administered orally at 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg produced profound dose-dependent chemo-suppressive effect of 89.37 – 95.50 % of P. berghei after 4 consecutive days of treatment which compares with 86.22 % obtained for Quinine 30 mg/kg i.m. under the same regimen. APLE also protected the mice against reduction in body weight associated with malaria which was P < 0.05 at 50 mg/kg. Furthermore, APLE promoted dose-dependent mean survival time in the Kaplan-Meier curve. Only 25.0 % of mice in the negative control group survived after 30 days compared to 100 % survival for mice in APLE 400 mg/kg and Quinine 30 mg/kg groups. The results from the full blood count shows that APLE caused (P < 0.05) dose dependent increase in RBC, HGB, HCT, WBCs, lymphocytes and platelets. The LD50 of APLE was above 5000 mg/kg p.o. Conclusions: APLE showed profound antimalaria effect with very high margin of safety. Hematological alterations that resulted from treatment of with APLE indicate significant improvement in general health and safe recovery from the parasitic attack. These findings show that the leaf of A. polycarpa can also be used to treat malaria.

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“…Solvent extracts of E . polycarpa displayed antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity as well as antimalarial activity . Antimicrobial screening of E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solvent extracts of E. polycarpa displayed antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity [8] as well as antimalarial activity. [9] Antimicrobial screening of E. polycarpa bark showed activity of the polar extracts against some microorganisms. [10] Phytochemical studies on E. polycarpa have shown that the bark contained a wide range of alkaloids including tetrahydroisoquinolines, aporphines, protoberberines and saponins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Chemical Variability of Enantia polycarpa Engl. & Diels Leaf Essential Oil from Côte d'Ivoire

Yapi

Ouattara

Boti

et al. 2018

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The composition of Enantia polycarpa Engl. & Diels leaf essential oil has been investigated for the first time using a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The compositions of 52 leaf essential oil samples have been subjected to statistical analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Four groups were differentiated, of which the compositions were dominated by β-elemene and germacrene B (Group III, 22/52 samples); germacrene D (Group I, 16/52 samples); β-cubebene (Group IV, 8/52 samples) and by germacrene B and germacrene D (Group II, 6/52 samples). A special attention was brought to the quantification of the thermolabile components, germacrene A, germacrene B and germacrene C, as well as that of their rearranged compounds, β-elemene, γ-elemene and δ-elemene. C-NMR data of β-cubebene have been provided.

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In vivo antimalarial activities of Enantia polycarpa stem bark against Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Antimalarial efficacy of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain) and Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

Antimalarial efficacy of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain) and Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

Effect of Annickia polycarpa (Stten and Mass.) Annonaceae, leaf extract on chemo-suppression of hyperparasitemia, body weight, hematological indices and survivor time of Plasmodium berghei infested mice in the Peter’s test

Composition and Chemical Variability of Enantia polycarpa Engl. & Diels Leaf Essential Oil from Côte d'Ivoire

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