In Vivo and in Vitro Properties of a Temperature Sensitive Mutant of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

Zygraich, N.; Lobmann, M.; E, Vascoboinic; Berge, Emilie Van Den; Huygelen, C.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)33731-7

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In agreement with published findings (15,22,24,25,34) the vaccinated calves did not show after i. nas. challenge any signs of clinical disease but they were not protected against infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The fact that IF was found in nasal secretions 48 hours after vaccination as well as the demonstration of proportionality between the IF content and the virus titres in the following period and the absence of IF in secretions prior to the end of virus excretion found in our experiments are in agreement with previous findings that intensive replication of virus is necessary before a measurable quantity of IF can be demonstrated and that IF synthesis takes place parallel with virus replication (1,20,24,28). It also fits in with the finding that nasal excretion of the virus lasts longer than IF production (3, 34). As further challenge of immune animals did not cause significant virus replication on the nasal mucous membranes, it also did not stimulate the synthesis of a detectable quantity of IF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Excretion of virus in nasal secretions in calves vaccinated i. nas. by the three attenuated strains which were studied corresponded as to time and quantity with data published by others (3,15,27), but it continued for a shorter period than that given by STRAUB (22) and ZYGRAICH et al (34).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Both the epizootiological and the economic significance of IBR are ever growing with the intensification of cattle breeding characterized by concentrating animals on large farms (4, 10,30). In order to reduce the economic losses tens of millions of animals are vaccinated against IBR every year (2, 17), until now by using only live vaccines (5, 10) given parenterally (8, 15) or intranasally (11,23,29,34). Opinions on the efficacy of the above mentioned methods are not as yet in agreement (15, 27,28).In our laboratory we have selected an attenuated strain of the IBR virus, designated IBR-BNZ/150.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Protection Against Experimental Infection of Calves Vaccinated Intranasally by Three Attenuated Strains of IBR Virus

Zuffa

Brányik

Cerník

et al. 2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary Clinical signs, local changes, excretion of virus, interferon (IF) production and production of serum and secretory antibodies were followed in calves vaccinated intranasally by a strain of IBR virus attenuated by us (IBR‐BNZ/150), in comparison with two vaccination strains from other sources (IBR‐C and IBR‐R), after infection and reinfection by virulent IBR virus. The IF content in nasal secretions was proportional to the intensity of replication of attenuated viruses on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and the virus excretion lasted longer than the period of IF detection. Secretory antibodies were found irregularly and at low titres after 28 days, whereas humoral antibodies were detected in all calves within 14 days after vaccination. After challenge, the vaccinated calves were protected against clinical disease but not against infection. The virus titres were, however, lower in vaccinated calves and the period of virus excretion was shorter than in infected control calves, which agrees with the lower IF content in nasal secretions. All infected calves produced secretory antibodies and the serum antibodies increased rapidly. The second intranasal infection gave no or very little virus on the nasal mucous membranes and did not stimulate the production of a detectable amount of IF or an increase in secretory antibodies, but a slight increase in serum antibodies. The role of different immune mechanisms in the resistance of mucous membranes against infection by the IBR virus is discussed. Zusammenfassung Immunisierung von Kälbern gegen experimentelle Infektionen durch intranasale Vakzinierung mit drei attenuierten IBR‐Virusstämmen Klinische Veränderungen, lokale Läsionen, Virusausscheidung, Interfe‐ronproduktion sowie die Bildung humoraler und sekretorischer Antikörper wurden bei Kälbern nach intranasaler Vakzination mit einem von uns attenuierten IBR‐Virusstamm (IBR‐BNZ/150) im Vergleich mit zwei ausländischen Impfstämmen (IBR‐C; IBR‐R) und nach Infektion bzw. Reinfektion mit vurlentem IBR‐Virus verfolgt. Der Interferongehalt im Nasensekret war der Vermehrungsintensität der attenuierten Virusstämme in der Schleimhaut des oberen Respirationstraktes direkt proportional. Die Virusausscheidung dauerte jedoch länger als Interferon nachgewiesen werden konnte. Sekretorische Antikörper wurden zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten bis zum 28. Tag nachgewiesen. Die Titer waren niedrig. Humorale Antikörper traten bei allen Kälbern 14 Tage nach der Vakzination auf. Nach der Testinfektion waren alle vakzinierten Kälber gegen klinische Erkrankung geschützt, jedoch nicht gegen eine Infektion. Die Virusausscheidung war bei geimpften Kälbern geringer und kürzer im Vergleich zu infizierten Kontrolltieren. Diese Befunde stehen im Einklang mit der niedrigen Interferonproduktion. Alle infizierten Kälber produzierten sekretorische Antikörper und Serumantikörpertiter stiegen rasch an. Erneute intranasale Infektionen, bei denen sich wenig oder kein Virus in der Nasenschleimhaut vermehrte, stimulierten die Interferonprodu...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protection Against Experimental Infection of Calves Vaccinated Intranasally by Three Attenuated Strains of IBR Virus

Zuffa

Brányik

Cerník

et al. 2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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“…Interferon is shed shortly after infection in high concentrations in nasal or genital secretions and also contained in serum (AHL and STRAUR, 1971). Avirulent strains or mutants of IBR/IPV virus developed for use as live vaccines against IBR have generally maintained the ability to induce interferon in cattle (STRAUB and AHL, 1976; CUMMINS and ROSENQUIST, 1980;GERBER et al, 1978;ROUSE and BABIUK, 1978;SAVAN et al, 1979;TODD et al, 1972;ZUFFA et al, 1979;ZYGRAICH et al, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Interferon Production in Cattle after Intranasal Infection with Parainfluenza‐3 Live Vaccine and Avirulent IBR/IPV‐Herpesvirus

Ahl¹,

Straub²

1985

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary The interferon induction by three parainfluenza‐3 (PI‐3) vaccines was studied in seronegative cattle and compared with interferon induction by avirulent IPV virus. After intranasal infection with both viruses interferon production was parallel to virus replication. After PI‐3 infection interferon concentrations in nasal secretions were relatively low (maximum 1,800 units/ml). Serum samples contained up to 128 units/ml. Interferon production was irregular. Animals reinfected with PI‐3 vaccines shed neither virus nor interferon. After intranasal infection of a proportion of the same animals with avirulent IPV virus interferon in high concentration (up to 80,000 units/ml) was found in nasal secretions. In serum samples about 50 units/ml were measured. The time‐course of interferon production, but not its titre, was dependent on the virus dose. The animals did not show clinical signs during the experiments. Physical and serological properties identified the interferon in nasal secretions and in serum as interferon α (leukocyte interferon). On the basis of the relatively weak interferon induction and the high percentage of seropositive animals in the cattle population PI‐3 vaccines cannot be recommended as interferon inducers. Zusammenfassung Vergleich der Interferon‐Induction nach intranasaler Infektion von Rindern mit Parainfluenza‐3‐Vakzinen und avirulentem IPV‐Herpesvirus Die Interferon‐Induction durch drei Parainfluenza‐3(PI‐3)‐Vakzinen wurde an antikörperfreien Rindern untersucht und mit der Interferon‐Induktion durch avirulentes IPV‐Virus verglichen. Nach intranasaler Infektion verlief bei beiden Virusarten die Interferonbildung im allgemeinen parallel zur Virusvermehrung. Nach PI‐3‐Infektion wurden am Nasensekret relativ geringe Interferon‐Konzentrationen gemessen (maximal 1800 E/ml). Im Serum wurden bis 128 E/ml gemessen. Die Interferonbildung verlief von Tier zu Tier unterschiedlich und unregelmäßig. Nach einer Reinfektion mit PI‐3‐Vakzinen konnte weder Virus noch Interferon nachgewiesen werden. Nach intranasaler Infektion der Rinder mit avirulentem IPV‐Virus wurde Interferon über mehrere Tage in hoher Konzentration (bis zu 80000 E/ml) im Nasensekret ausgeschieden. Im Serum wurden Werte um 50 E/ml gemessen. Der zeitliche Verlauf der Interferonbildung, aber nicht die Titerhöhe, war von der Infektionsdosis abhängig. Die Tiere zeigten keine klinischen Reaktionen nach der Infektion. Das im Nasensekret und im Serum nachgewiesene Interferon nach PI‐3‐ oder IPV‐Virusinfektion war nach seinen physikalischen und serologischen Eigenschaften Interferon a (Leukozyten‐Interferon). Wegen der relativ schwachen Interferon‐Induktion und der weiten Verbreitung des PI‐3‐Virus in der Rinderpopulation konnen PI‐3‐Vakzinen nicht als Interferon‐Inducer empfohlen werden. Résumé Comparaison de I'induction d'interféron après une infection intranasale avec des vaccins Parainfluenza‐3 et un virus Herpes‐IPV non virulent On a examiné l'induction d'interféron par trois vaccins Parainfluenza‐3 (PI‐3) chez des bovins sans anticorps...

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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Vulvovaginitis (BHV1)

Wyler

Engels

Schwyzer

1989

Developments in Veterinary Virology

131

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In Vivo and in Vitro Properties of a Temperature Sensitive Mutant of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

Cited by 48 publications

References 6 publications

Protection Against Experimental Infection of Calves Vaccinated Intranasally by Three Attenuated Strains of IBR Virus

Protection Against Experimental Infection of Calves Vaccinated Intranasally by Three Attenuated Strains of IBR Virus

Comparison of Interferon Production in Cattle after Intranasal Infection with Parainfluenza‐3 Live Vaccine and Avirulent IBR/IPV‐Herpesvirus

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Vulvovaginitis (BHV1)

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