In Vivo and In Vitro Antagonism of Intestinal Bacteria Against Shigella Flexneri I. Correlation Between Various Tests

Hentges, David J.; Freter, Rolf

doi:10.1093/infdis/110.1.30

Cited by 74 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…A similar lack of complete correlation between in-vitro colicine assay methods has been reported by other workers (Hentges and Freter, 1962;Branche et al, 1963). The discrepancy in the results from the two typing methods is also to be expected because certain colicines-such as colicine I-diffuse slowly and are best detected after 48-72 hours' incubation whilst others are labile (Mennigmann, 1965;Kubota, et al, 1969) or are inactivated by concomitantly produced inactivators (Foulds ,and Shemin, 1969), and are therefore best detected after 24 hours' incubation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Colicine Production as an Epidemiological Marker of Escherichia Coli

Hettiaratchy

Cooke

Shooter

1973

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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THE epidemiology of Escherichia coli is poorly understood, and although serological characterisation of strains affords an excellent method of typing E. coli, it is time-consuming and can be performed only in specialised laboratories. Another method would be of value. Colicine typing as a method of differentiating strains has been used (Linton, 1960;McGeachie, 1965 ;Mustafa and Dunbar, 1970), but not so extensively as serotyping and its usefulness has not been defined.Colicine typing is simple to perform and has been found valuable in epidemiological studies on shigellae (Abbott and Shannon, 1958 ;Gillies, 1964;Hart, 1965), particularly on strains of Shigella sonnei because they are serologically and often biochemically homogeneous (Hart).This paper records our experience of colicine typing of E. coli and of the validity of the method as an epidemiological tool. Serological and colicine typing were used in this investigation to determine whether the combination of the two methods would provide a finer subdivision of strains, to show the frequency of colicine production and sensitivity among serologically defined strains, and to show any correlation between colicine types and antigenic structure of the organisms. This is particularly interesting because several workers attempting to purify colicines have observed a close association between colicines and the 0 antigen of the organism (Goebel and Barry, 1958;Hutton and Goebel, 1961;Barry, Everhart and Graham, 1963).An epidemiological application of the typing method is also reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimensof faeces were collected from patients in a female, open medical ward as soon as possible after admission and thereafter at weekly intervals for 1 yr. The patients were those usually seen in a general medical ward and particularly included diabetics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Colicine Production as an Epidemiological Marker of Escherichia Coli

Hettiaratchy

Cooke

Shooter

1973

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…One function of the gut microbiota that has captured our attention is "colonization resistance," the ability of the indigenous microbiota to prevent the ingress of pathogens into the gut community (16,18,58). Antibiotic-associated colitis resulting from Clostridium difficile infection may result from a loss of the intrinsic colonization resistance of the gut microbiota (4,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducible Community Dynamics of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota following Antibiotic Perturbation

et al. 2009

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Shifts in microbial communities are implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal diseases, but we have limited understanding of the mechanisms that lead to altered community structures. One difficulty with studying these mechanisms in human subjects is the inherent baseline variability of the microbiota in different individuals. In an effort to overcome this baseline variability, we employed a mouse model to control the host genotype, diet, and other possible influences on the microbiota. This allowed us to determine whether the indigenous microbiota in such mice had a stable baseline community structure and whether this community exhibited a consistent response following antibiotic administration. We employed a tag-sequencing strategy targeting the V6 hypervariable region of the bacterial small-subunit (16S) rRNA combined with massively parallel sequencing to determine the community structure of the gut microbiota. Inbred mice in a controlled environment harbored a reproducible baseline community that was significantly impacted by antibiotic administration. The ability of the gut microbial community to recover to baseline following the cessation of antibiotic administration differed according to the antibiotic regimen administered. Severe antibiotic pressure resulted in reproducible, long-lasting alterations in the gut microbial community, including a decrease in overall diversity. The finding of stereotypic responses of the indigenous microbiota to ecologic stress suggests that a better understanding of the factors that govern community structure could lead to strategies for the intentional manipulation of this ecosystem so as to preserve or restore a healthy microbiota.

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“…[27][28][29] Although this initially applied to pathogenic microbes, the concept was derived from concepts of community robustness derived from studies of classical ecologic systems (for example grasslands and lakes) and thus could be applied to any invading microbe. 30 Current hypotheses suggest that the normal indigenous microbiota is not permissive for the establishment of colonization by C. difficile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%