In Vivo Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Diabetic Screening of Bacopa monnieri-Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

In this work, an ecofriendly approach for biogenic production of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) was proposed by utilizing the Bacopa monnieri leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis of CuO-NPs was instantly confirmed by a shift in the color of the copper solution from blue to dark gray. The use of UV−visible spectroscopy revealed a strong narrow peak at 535 nm, confirming the existence of monoclinic-shaped nanoparticles. The average size of CuO-NPs was 34.4 nm, according to scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies. The pristine crystalline nature of CuO-NPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The monoclinic form of CuO-NPs with a crystallite size of 22 nm was determined by the sharp narrow peaks corresponding to 273, 541, 698, 684, and 366 Bragg's planes at different 2θ values. The presence of different reducing metabolites on the surface of CuO was shown by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The biological efficacy of CuO-NPs was tested against Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter suis, Helicobacter salomonis. and Helicobacter bizzozeronii. H. suis was the most susceptible strain with an inhibition zone of 15.84 ± 0.89 mm at 5 mg/mL of NPs, while the most tolerant strain was H. bizzozeronii with a 13.11 ± 0.83 mm of inhibition zone. In in vivo analgesic activity, CuO-NPs showed superior efficiency compared to controls. The maximum latency time observed was 7.14 ± 0.12 s at a dose level of 400 mg/kg after 90 min, followed by 5.21 ± 0.29 s at 400 mg/kg after 60 min, demonstrating 65 and 61% of analgesia, respectively. Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard with a latency time of 8.6 ± 0.23 s. The results observed in the rat paw edema assays showed a significant inhibitory activity of the plant-mediated CuO-NPs. The percentage inhibition of edema was 74% after 48 h for the group treated with CuO-NPs compared to the control group treated with diclofenac (100 mg/kg) with 24% edema inhibition. The solution of CuO-NPs produced 82% inhibition of edema after 21 days when compared with that of the standard drug diclofenac (73%). CuO-NPs vividly lowered glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice, according to our findings. Blood glucose levels were reduced by about 33.66 and 32.19% in CuO-NP and (CuO-NP + insulin) groups of mice, respectively. From the abovementioned calculations, we can easily conclude that B. monnieri-synthesized CuO-NPs will be a potential antibacterial, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agent on in vivo and in vitro basis.

Monotheca buxifolia Driven Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano Material Its Characterization and Biomedical Applications

“…In all of the bioassays, ZnO-NPs displayed high antidiabetic activity. Our findings support and expand on earlier research [ 43 ].…”

The efficacy of metal nanocomposite (Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO) to ameliorate the toxic effects of ochratoxin in broilers

“…[13]. CuONPs are relatively more bioavailable, exhibited beneficial effects on immunological parameters, improved growth performance, decreased pathogenic load to subsequently enhance the health of birds [12,14]. ZnONPs may be used at lower doses, enter the intestinal cells and grant more beneficial effects, highly bioavailable, exerting a superior efficacy and bioactivity than conventional ZnO [15].…”

“…Nanobiotechnology is a novel promising innovative solution, effective, eco-friendly and low-cost strategy specially the uniqueness of metal oxide NPs (MONPs) and their ability to manufacture in a large scale due to their physicochemical properties; high surface area, very tiny size, enhanced reactivity and strong adsorbing ability. They are less toxic than salts of the same metals with a prolonged effect on biological objects [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Biological Chemicals as Sustainable Materials to Synthesize Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Textile Surface Functionalization

“…The phytochemicals from plants or microorganisms act as reducing agents of copper ions and stabilizing agents of Cu NPs and when applied onto textiles, which may then be oxidized to CuO NPs by air oxidation (Figure a, b). , The Cu NPs synthesis by ascorbic acid (reduction potential = 0.19 V) followed by the stabilizing powers of biomolecules isolated from Rosa andeli petals (RAFE) and Gardenia jasminoides leaves (GJLE) extracts are shown in Figure a . Polyphenolic compounds, such as epigallocatechin gallate (0.153 V) and extract derived from Stachys lavandulifolia flower, have low reduction potentials that are capable of reducing copper ions to Cu, followed by oxidation to form CuO NPs. , The UV–vis peak at 420 nm and crystalline XRD pattens of typical CuO produced by seed extract of B. monnieri are displayed in Figure c …”

“…(c) UV–vis and XRD profile of CuO NPs formed by plant extract. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.…”