“…These cytokines induce lymphocyte and phagocyte recruitment and activation of anti-cryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, resulting in increased cryptococcal uptake and killing by effector phagocytes (1,6,12,18,26,27,32). Studies in mice and humans have shown some efficacy in using systemically administered recombinant Th1-type cytokines to stimulate anti-cryptococcal host responses and to enhance antifungal chemotherapy (5,15,19,20,22). Specifically, experimental studies with the Th1-type cytokine IFN-␥ have yielded some promising results as an adjunctive therapy to antifungal agents (19,29) and to significantly enhance the anti-phagocytic activity of macrophages against C. neoformans in vitro (6,12,26,34,40).…”