In vivo 13C NMR spectroscopy and metabolic modeling in the brain: a practical perspective

Henry, Pierre‐Gilles; Adriany, Gregor; Deelchand, Dinesh K.; Gruetter, Rolf; Marjańska, Małgorzata; Öz, Gülin; Seaquist, Elizabeth R.; Shestov, Alexander A.; Uğurbil, Kâmil

doi:10.1016/j.mri.2006.01.003

Cited by 96 publications

(153 citation statements)

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“…The most commonly studied nuclei are 1 H, 31 P, and 13 C, although nuclei from isotopes of many other elements (e.g., 2 H, 6 Li, 10 B, 11 B, 14 N, 15 N, 17 O, 19 F, 23 Na, 29 Si, 35 Cl, 113 Cd, 129 Xe, 195 Pt) have been used in high-field NMR spectroscopy [3]. Overall, the frequency at which a specific nucleus resonates depends on the external magnetic field strength applied, the gyromagnetic ratio of the nucleus, and its chemical environment.…”

Section: Basics Of Heteronuclear Nmr Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is thus primordial to choose the appropriate substrate according to the technique (mainly direct and indirect 13 C MRS) and the need for an increased signal relative to cost. After glycolysis, carbon positions 1 and 6 of glucose will label the methyl group of pyruvate, leading primarily to the labeling of glutamate C4 following the pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway and glutamate C2 for the pyruvate carboxylase pathway [23]. [1, 6-13 C] glucose is thus twice as efficient as [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C] glucose labeling, and thus detecting, TCA cycle aminoacids.…”

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In Vivo Heteronuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Lizarbe

Cherix

Gruetter

2018

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is a technique that has the capability of measuring metabolites in vivo and, in appropriate conditions, to infer its metabolic rates. The success of MRS depends a lot on its sensitivity, which limits the usage of X-nuclei MRS. However, technological developments and refinements in methods have made in vivo heteronuclear MRS possible in humans and in small animals. This chapter provides detailed descriptions of the main procedures needed to perform successful in vivo heteronuclear MRS experiments, with a particular focus on experimental setup in 13 C MRS experiments in rodents.

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Section: Basics Of Heteronuclear Nmr Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

In Vivo Heteronuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Lizarbe

Cherix

Gruetter

2018

Methods in Molecular Biology

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“…However, such a long infusion experiment is not always compatible with the maintenance of a proper physiology under euglycemia or hyperglycemia, or with the tolerance of the subject, in particular for human studies. A good compromise has to be found for the experimental time, since an accurate measurement of the metabolites 13 C enrichment over a duration compatible with glutamate/ glutamine turnover rates is essential to ensure accuracy and robustness in neuro-glial modelling, as distinct detection of C3 and C2 turnover curves is critical in distinguishing the glial compartment metabolism [43,48]. Dynamic experimental data of the temporal evolution of the 13 C-enriched metabolites (Fig.…”

Section: In Vivo 13 C Mrs In Mice: Overview Of a General Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress towards in vivo brain 13C-MRS in mice: Metabolic flux analysis in small tissue volumes

Lai

Gruetter

Lanz

2017

Analytical Biochemistry

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C NMR studies of the mouse brain are only recently appearing in the field due to the numerous challenges linked to the small mouse brain volume and the difficulty to follow the mouse physiological parameters within the NMR system during the infusion experiment. This review will present the progresses in the quest for a higher in vivo 13 C signal-to-noise ratio up to the present state of the art techniques, which made it feasible to assess glucose metabolism in different regions of the mouse brain. We describe how experimental results were integrated into suitable compartmental models and how a deep understanding of cerebral metabolism depends on the reliable detection of 13 C in the different molecules and carbon positions.

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“…For example, distinctions between glutamatergic and GABAergic fluxes require measurement of 13 C turnover from Glc and acetate into glutamate, glutamine, and GABA (Pfeuffer et al, 1999). The ingredients necessary for a dynamic metabolic modeling in such case are discussed in a review by Henry et al (2006). By using 13 C NMR spectroscopy in anesthetized rats, explicitly combining [1-13 C]glucose and [2-13 C]acetate infusion with three-compartment metabolic modeling, Patel et al (2005) showed recently that total neurotransmitter cycling (Vcyc(tot)) could be resolved into separate glutamatergic (Vcyc(glu)) and GABAergic (Vcyc(GABA)) components.…”

Section: Major Findings and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The micro-architecture of the cerebral cortex: Functional neuroimaging models and metabolism

et al. 2008

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In order to interpret/integrate data obtained with different functional neuroimaging modalities (e.g. fMRI, EEG/MEG, PET/SPECT, fNIRS), forward-generative models of a diversity of brain mechanisms at the mesoscopic level are considered necessary. For the cerebral cortex, the brain structure with possibly the most relevance for functional neuroimaging, a variety of such biophysical models has been proposed over the last decade. The development of technological tools to investigate in vitro the physiological, anatomical and biochemical principles at the microscopic scale in comparative studies formed the basis for such theoretical progresses. However, with the most recent introduction of systems to record electrical (e.g. miniaturized probes chronically/acutely implantable in the brain), optical (e.g. two-photon laser scanning microscopy) and atomic nuclear spectral (e.g. nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) signals using living laboratory animals, the field is receiving even greater attention. Major advances have been achieved by combining such sophisticated recording systems with new experimental strategies (e.g. transgenic/knock-out animals, high resolution stereotaxic manipulation systems for probe-guidance and cellular-scale chemical-delivery). Theoreticians may now be encouraged to re-consider previously formulated mesoscopic level models in order to incorporate important findings recently made at the microscopic scale. In this series of reviews, we summarize the background at the microscopic scale, which we suggest will constitute the foundations for upcoming representations at the mesoscopic level. In this first part, we focus our attention on the nerve ending particles in order to summarize basic principles and mechanisms underlying cellular metabolism in the cerebral cortex. It will be followed by two parts highlighting major features in its organization/working-principles to regulate both cerebral blood circulation and neuronal activity, respectively. Contemporary theoretical models for functional neuroimaging will be revised in the fourth part, with particular emphasis in their applications, advantages/limitations and future prospects. However, a wide range of neuroimaging methods have been routinely used to map taskinduced changes in the neuronal activity indirectly reflected in variations of the local 1 BOLD signal calibration by hyperoxia requires additionally measuring PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood). HHS Public Access Riera et al. Page 2Neuroimage. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 March 03. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript cerebral perfusion (i.e. functional hyperemia). For many years now, researchers have been trying to elucidate the basic principles underlying this phenomenon and several hypotheses have been formulated so far (see a review by Iadecola 2004). From them the metabolic and neurogenic hypotheses, which arise from answering the question of whether this phenomenon is entirely due to a metabolic deficit or i...

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In vivo 13C NMR spectroscopy and metabolic modeling in the brain: a practical perspective

Cited by 96 publications

References 47 publications

In Vivo Heteronuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

In Vivo Heteronuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Progress towards in vivo brain 13C-MRS in mice: Metabolic flux analysis in small tissue volumes

The micro-architecture of the cerebral cortex: Functional neuroimaging models and metabolism

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