In vitro total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of selected medicinal plants using different solvent systems

Abstract

Recently, an interest has surged in utilizing indigenous medicinal plants to treat infectious illnesses and extract bioactive substances, highlighting the need to analyze medicinal plants for phytochemicals and bioactivities. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of different solvent systems (aqueous, ethanol, and methanol) used for extraction on total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants of Azad Kashmir (Achillea millefolium, Bergenia ciliata, and Aloe vera). High phenolic content was found in methanol extracts of B. ciliata (27.48 ± 0.58 mg GAE/g dry weight), A. vera (25.61 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g dry weight), and A. millefolium (24.25 ± 0.67 mg GAE/g dry weight). High flavonoid content was obtained in the ethanol extract of A. millefolium (27.13 ± 0.64 mg QE/g dry weight), methanol extract of B. ciliata (17.44 ± 0.44 ± 0.44 mg QE/g dry weight), and the methanol extract of A. vera (14.68 ± 0.67 mg QE/g dry weight). Strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH) was obtained with a methanol extract of B. ciliata (IC50 = 60.27 ± 0.20 µg/mL). With a zone of inhibition and a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 10.00 ± 0.66 to 24.67 ± 1.21 mm and 78 to 625 µg/mL, respectively, all of the studied plants demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A. vera showed greater antibacterial activity as compared to other plants under study while methanolic extract showed greater antibacterial activity than ethanolic and aqueous extract. The findings of this research support the use of these medicinal plants to treat a variety of diseases.

Antibacterial Potency of Fractions from <em>Psidium guajava</em> Leaves and Bark Crude Extracts against Bacterial Isolates Responsible for Foodborne Infection

“…This study reports on the presence of phytochemicals containing the active component of the plant extract. The choice of extraction solvent was based on availability, sustainable utilisation and report of prior antibacterial activity from other studies [28][29][30]. Water which is polar and is commonly used in traditional settings for extraction of plant bioactive components in the treatment of disease conditions.…”

Antibacterial Potency of Fractions from <em>Psidium guajava</em> Leaves and Bark Crude Extracts against Bacterial Isolates Responsible for Foodborne Infection

“…This study reports on the presence of phytochemicals containing the active component of the plant extract. The choice of extraction solvent was based on availability, sustainable utilisation and report of prior antibacterial activity from other studies [28][29][30]. Water is polar and is commonly used in traditional settings for the extraction of plant bioactive components in the treatment of disease conditions.…”

Comparative Chemical Profiling of a Polyherbal Formulation with Respect to its Ingredient Plants Using Spectrophotometric and High-performance Thin-layer Chromatographic Techniques

“…This might be due to the chemical transformations that occurred due to the synergistic and antagonistic interactions of various polyphenols extracted from the ingredient plants. Variations in phenolics with respect to the herbal drug samples have been reported earlier (Mehmood et al, 2022;Siddiqui et al, 2017;Tungmunnithum et al, 2018); however, no previous reports are available on the comparative estimation of the polyphenols with respect to the finished formulation. Synergistic interactions of polyphenols with respect to the ratio of plant materials have been reported earlier (Aslam et al, 2017).…”