In Vitro Tissue Engineering to Generate a Human‐Sized Auricle and Nasal Tip

Kamil, Syed H.; Kojima, Koji; Vacanti, Martin P.; Bonassar, Lawrence J.; Vacanti, Charles A.; Eavey, Roland D.

doi:10.1097/00005537-200301000-00017

Cited by 70 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These methods have been used for engineering of elastic and nonarticular cartilage such as auricle [7,21,41], nose [8,21], and tympanic membrane [17]. Several shaped osteochondral constructs containing articular cartilaginous sections, for phalanx [20,35] and mandibular condyle [1], for example, have been fabricated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaped, Stratified, Scaffold-free Grafts for Articular Cartilage Defects

Han

Bae

Hsieh-Bonassera

et al. 2008

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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One goal of treatment for large articular cartilage defects is to restore the anatomic contour of the joint with tissue having a structure similar to native cartilage. Shaped and stratified cartilaginous tissue may be fabricated into a suitable graft to achieve such restoration. We asked if scaffold-free cartilaginous constructs, anatomically shaped and targeting spherically-shaped hips, can be created using a molding technique and if biomimetic stratification of the shaped constructs can be achieved with appropriate superficial and middle/deep zone chondrocyte subpopulations. The shaped, scaffold-free constructs were formed from the alginate-released bovine calf chondrocytes with shaping on one (saucer), two (cup), or neither (disk) surfaces. The saucer and cup constructs had shapes distinguishable quantitatively (radius of curvature of 5.5 ± 0.1 mm for saucer and 2.8 ± 0.1 mm for cup) and had no adverse effects on the glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents and their distribution in the constructs as assessed by biochemical assays and histology, respectively. Biomimetic stratification of chondrocyte subpopulations in saucer-and cup-shaped constructs was confirmed and quantified using fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. This shaping method, combined with biomimetic stratification, has the potential to create anatomically contoured large cartilaginous constructs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaped, Stratified, Scaffold-free Grafts for Articular Cartilage Defects

Han

Bae

Hsieh-Bonassera

et al. 2008

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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“…In other tissue engineering applications (Kamil et al, 2003;Kojima et al, 2003), polymers that gel at body temperatures successfully immobilized cells in vivo. In those examples, 30wt% solutions of Pluronic F127 were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol delivery of mammalian cells for tissue engineering

Roberts

Wyslouzil

Bonassar

2005

Biotech & Bioengineering

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We developed a two fluid atomizer to spray mammalian cells suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-Pluronic F-127 polymer solutions. We used the device to spray suspensions of bovine articular chondrocytes and porcine tracheal epithelial cells, in either PBS or the polymer solutions, and studied their viability and growth kinetics. Under the operating conditions examined in this study, the cells had better than 70% viability after spraying, the growth rates were comparable to cells that were not sprayed, and the appearance of the cells at confluence was normal.

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“…Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for treating cartilage defects, especially those with specific shapes [Langer and Vacanti, 1993]. Since Cao et al [1997] reported having generated cartilage in the shape of a human ear in a nude mice model, construction of an earshaped cartilage using chondrocytes has been further developed [Hardin, 1998;Haisch et al, 2002;Kamil et al, 2003;Shieh et al, 2004;Kusuhara et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2011]. However, chondrocytebased cartilage tissue engineering presents inevitable problems of low cell yield from limited cartilage sources [Brittberg et al, 2003] and fast dedifferentiation of chondrocytes after being expanded in a monolayer [von der Mark et al, 1977;Benya and Shaffer, 1982;Elima and Vuorio, 1989].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Ratios of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chondrocytes Used in Tissue-Engineered Cartilage and Its Application for Human Ear-Shaped Substitutes in vitro

Kang¹,

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2013

Cells Tissues Organs

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The application of chondrocyte-based cartilage tissue engineering is limited because of the lack of autologous cartilage sources and chondrocyte dedifferentiation after in vitro expansion. Coculture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes has been a promising strategy for cartilage engineering as chondrocytes can provide a chondrogenic environment for BMSCs. However, there are no systematic comparison studies for engineered cartilage constructed using different mixing ratios of BMSCs and chondrocytes, and the most effective mixing ratio with the lowest number of chondrocytes is unknown. Here, we set a gradient of mixing ratios of BMSCs to chondrocytes for an in vitro coculture system and compared the shape retention and quality of the engineered cartilage using macroscopic and histological assays, glycosaminoglycan content assessment and immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen, biomechanical evaluation and hypertrophy-related gene expression analysis. The results showed that at least 30% chondrocytes were required to generate cartilage tissue with satisfactory shape and quality. Therefore, we preliminarily assessed the feasibility of engineering a human ear-shaped substitute using a coculture system with a 7:3 ratio of BMSCs to chondrocytes. After 8 weeks of in vitro culture, the precise architecture of the human ear-shaped construct was well maintained with the typical cartilaginous composition confirmed by histological assays.

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In Vitro Tissue Engineering to Generate a Human‐Sized Auricle and Nasal Tip

Abstract: An adult human-sized auricle and nasal tip cartilaginous structure can be grown entirely in vitro using principles of tissue engineering.

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Shaped, Stratified, Scaffold-free Grafts for Articular Cartilage Defects

Shaped, Stratified, Scaffold-free Grafts for Articular Cartilage Defects

Aerosol delivery of mammalian cells for tissue engineering

Different Ratios of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chondrocytes Used in Tissue-Engineered Cartilage and Its Application for Human Ear-Shaped Substitutes in vitro

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