In vitro symbiotic germination of myco-heterotrophic Gastrodia elata by Mycena species

Park, Eung‐Jun; Lee, Wi Young

doi:10.1007/s11816-012-0248-x

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…in each sample). Diverse Mycena species have been previously proven in vitro to promote the seed germination of G. elata ; however, these fungi were isolated from other orchids [36, 45]. In addition, several studies have shown that another fungal species in six genera isolated from different species of orchids are also capable of promoting the seed germination of G. elata [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of fungal communities during Gastrodia elata growth

Lin

Wang²,

Qin

et al. 2019

BMC Microbiol

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Background Gastrodia elata is a widely distributed achlorophyllous orchid and is highly valued as both medicine and food. Gastrodia elata produces dust-like seeds and relies on mycorrhizal fungi for its germination and growth. In its life cycle, G. elata is considered to switch from a specific single-fungus relationship ( Mycena ) to another single-fungus relationship ( Armillaria ). However, no studies have investigated the changes in the plant-fungus relationship during the growth of G. elata in the wild. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the fungal community of tubers in different growth phases as well as the soils surrounding G. elata . Results The predominant fungi were Basidiomycota (60.44%) and Ascomycota (26.40%), which exhibited changes in abundance and diversity with the growth phases of G. elata . Diverse basidiomycetes in protocorms (phase P) were Hyphodontia , Sistotrema , Tricholoma , Mingxiaea , Russula , and Mycena , but the community changed from a large proportion of Resinicium bicolor (40%) in rice-like tubers (phase M) to an unidentified Agaricales operational taxonomic unit 1(OTU1,98.45%) in propagation vegetation tubers (phase B). The soil fungi primarily included Simocybe , Psathyrella , Conocybe , and Subulicystidium . Three Mycena OTUs obtained in this study were differentially distributed among the growth phases of G. elata , accounting for less than 1.0% of the total reads, and were phylogenetically close to Mycena epipterygia and M. alexandri . Conclusions Our data indicated that G. elata interacts with a broad range of fungi beyond the Mycena genus. These fungi changed with the growth phases of G. elata . In addition, these data suggested that the development of the fungal community during the growth of G. elata was more complex than previously assumed and that at least two different fungi could be involved in development before the arrival of Armillaria . Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1501-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of fungal communities during Gastrodia elata growth

Lin

Wang²,

Qin

et al. 2019

BMC Microbiol

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“…Although we are not aware of any previous studies on density-dependent processes associated with in situ seed germination in epiphytic orchids, symbiotic seed germination trials on OMA medium showed that the seeds of D. devonianum could not initiate germination with >1500 seeds in a 9 cm petri dish (unpublished data). In vitro symbiotic seed germination usually has <200 seeds per petri dish ( Stewart and Zettler, 2002 ; Stewart et al, 2003 ; Zi et al, 2014 ) and seldom >500 seeds are used ( Park and Lee, 2013 ). Based on our results it would appear that optimum seed density for in situ seed germination is approximately 50-100 seeds per 4 ml of liquid suspension at the time of sowing ( Figure 2 ), a result that is concordant with most ex situ studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using In Situ Symbiotic Seed Germination to Restore Over-collected Medicinal Orchids in Southwest China

et al. 2017

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Due to increasing demand for medicinal and horticultural uses, the Orchidaceae is in urgent need of innovative and novel propagation techniques that address both market demand and conservation. Traditionally, restoration techniques have been centered on ex situ asymbiotic or symbiotic seed germination techniques that are not cost-effective, have limited genetic potential and often result in low survival rates in the field. Here, we propose a novel in situ advanced restoration-friendly program for the endangered epiphytic orchid species Dendrobium devonianum, in which a series of in situ symbiotic seed germination trials base on conspecific fungal isolates were conducted at two sites in Yunnan Province, China. We found that percentage germination varied among treatments and locations; control treatments (no inoculum) did not germinate at both sites. We found that the optimal treatment, having the highest in situ seed germination rate (0.94-1.44%) with no significant variation among sites, supported a warm, moist and fixed site that allowed for light penetration. When accounting for seed density, percentage germination was highest (2.78-2.35%) at low densities and did not vary among locations for the treatment that supported optimal conditions. Similarly for the same treatment, seed germination ranged from 0.24 to 5.87% among seasons but also did vary among sites. This study reports on the cultivation and restoration of an endangered epiphytic orchid species by in situ symbiotic seed germination and is likely to have broad application to the horticulture and conservation of the Orchidaceae.

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“…Artificial cultivation other than in vitro culture, such as in the field or in a container, has been established for several SAP-MHPs. Gastrodia elata , a component of a traditional Chinese medicine, has been cultivated in the field using wood logs inoculated with Armillaria mellea (Park and Lee 2013a ; Xu and Guo 2000 ). The development of this cultivation technique has been useful to the pharmaceutical industry.…”

Section: Culturing Sap-mhpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary histories and mycorrhizal associations of mycoheterotrophic plants dependent on saprotrophic fungi

2021

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Mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) are leafless, achlorophyllous, and completely dependent on mycorrhizal fungi for their carbon supply. Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic association with fungi that is undertaken by the majority of land plants, but mycoheterotrophy represents a breakdown of this mutualism in that plants parasitize fungi. Most MHPs are associated with fungi that are mycorrhizal with autotrophic plants, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Although these MHPs gain carbon via the common mycorrhizal network that links the surrounding autotrophic plants, some mycoheterotrophic lineages are associated with saprotrophic (SAP) fungi, which are free-living and decompose leaf litter and wood materials. Such MHPs are dependent on the forest carbon cycle, which involves the decomposition of wood debris and leaf litter, and have a unique biology and evolutionary history. MHPs associated with SAP fungi (SAP-MHPs) have to date been found only in the Orchidaceae and likely evolved independently at least nine times within that family. Phylogenetically divergent SAP Basidiomycota, mostly Agaricales but also Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and others, are involved in mycoheterotrophy. The fungal specificity of SAP-MHPs varies from a highly specific association with a single fungal species to a broad range of interactions with multiple fungal orders. Establishment of symbiotic culture systems is indispensable for understanding the mechanisms underlying plant–fungus interactions and the conservation of MHPs. Symbiotic culture systems have been established for many SAP-MHP species as a pure culture of free-living SAP fungi is easier than that of biotrophic AM or ECM fungi. Culturable SAP-MHPs are useful research materials and will contribute to the advancement of plant science.

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In vitro symbiotic germination of myco-heterotrophic Gastrodia elata by Mycena species

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Dynamics of fungal communities during Gastrodia elata growth

Dynamics of fungal communities during Gastrodia elata growth

Using In Situ Symbiotic Seed Germination to Restore Over-collected Medicinal Orchids in Southwest China

Evolutionary histories and mycorrhizal associations of mycoheterotrophic plants dependent on saprotrophic fungi

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