In vitro susceptibility patterns of fungi associated with keratomycosis in horses of the northeastern United States: 68 cases (1987–2006)

Ledbetter, Eric C.; Patten, V; Scarlett, Janet M.; Vermeylen, Françoise

doi:10.2460/javma.231.7.1086

Cited by 54 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Many other species of Candida in addition to C. albicans have been isolated from clinical cases (12,24,26). However, the literature does not contain a report of a systematic attempt to determine the frequency of Candida carriage in animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of a Geographically and Temporally Matched Set ofCandida albicansIsolates from Humans and Nonmigratory Wildlife in Central Illinois

Wrobel

Whittington

Pujol³

et al. 2008

Eukaryot Cell

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This study explored whether wildlife species serve as the reservoir for human Candida albicans strains in a given geographic area. C. albicans isolates were collected from nonmigratory wildlife admitted to the University of Illinois Wildlife Medical Clinic. A geographically and temporally matched set of C. albicans oral isolates was collected from healthy human volunteers. Multilocus sequence typing was used to assign strains to genetic clades. Clade 1 isolates, particularly diploid sequence type 69 (DST 69), were most common in humans. Clade 1 strains were less frequently recovered from wildlife, while clade 8 strains, particularly DST 90, were overrepresented in the wildlife collection. All instances where a wildlife and human isolate shared the same DST occurred within clade 1. Clade distributions between human and wildlife isolates were significantly different, demonstrating population isolation between the groups. These differences may indicate limited strain transfer between groups or differential selection of C. albicans isolates in humans and wildlife. Wildlife strains had an amphotericin B MIC significantly lower than that of human isolates; strains with increased susceptibility were from several clades. C. albicans isolates were collected from domestic animals to provide comparisons with human and wildlife data sets. C. albicans isolation from canine and feline oral and anal swabs was infrequent; companion animal isolates were closely related to clade 1 human isolates. Collectively, the data suggest a greater likelihood of C. albicans transfer from humans to animals than from animals to humans. The nontransient human population may maintain the connection between geography and the C. albicans genetic groups recovered from humans.

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of a Geographically and Temporally Matched Set ofCandida albicansIsolates from Humans and Nonmigratory Wildlife in Central Illinois

Wrobel

Whittington

Pujol³

et al. 2008

Eukaryot Cell

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“…Natamycin (NAT), a tetraene polyene, has long been considered the mainstay of treatment for filamentous fungal keratitis and is the only available antifungal medication that has been approved for this indication by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Although previous reports regarding the efficacy of NAT in fungal keratitis are available (4-6), there are few studies that describe the in vitro activity of NAT against the common ocular isolates (2,7,8,9).The Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute guidelines stress the use of pharmaceutical-grade powder solely for susceptibility testing. This is due to unknown purity and potency values and additives that may impact results (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Natamycin Susceptibility of Ocular Isolates ofFusariumandAspergillusSpecies: Comparison of Commercially Formulated Natamycin Eye Drops to Pharmaceutical-Grade Powder

et al. 2008

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The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute susceptibility method prohibits the use of pharmacy preparations, but obtaining pure powders is difficult. The activity of natamycin against isolates of Aspergillus and Fusarium species isolated from keratitis was assessed by using both powder and pharmacy eye drop preparations. Eye drop preparations may be a viable option for testing natamycin activity.Keratitis is a leading cause of monocular blindness worldwide (11,12,14,15), and recent reports suggest that there has been a steady increase in the percentage of infectious keratitis caused by fungus (1,12,17). Fusarium and Aspergillus species are the most common fungal isolates associated with this infection (1, 17). Classes of antifungals used for treatment of fungal keratitis include the polyenes, triazoles, and echinocandins (13). Natamycin (NAT), a tetraene polyene, has long been considered the mainstay of treatment for filamentous fungal keratitis and is the only available antifungal medication that has been approved for this indication by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Although previous reports regarding the efficacy of NAT in fungal keratitis are available (4-6), there are few studies that describe the in vitro activity of NAT against the common ocular isolates (2,7,8,9).The Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute guidelines stress the use of pharmaceutical-grade powder solely for susceptibility testing. This is due to unknown purity and potency values and additives that may impact results (3). Pharmaceutical-grade powder is very difficult to obtain, especially for drugs that are not frequently used, such as NAT. We studied the in vitro activity of NAT against Fusarium and Aspergillus species isolated from cases of corneal ulcers seen at the Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India, and compared the MICs obtained by using both pharmaceutical-grade NAT powder (NAT-P) and commercially available NAT eye drops (NAT-D).A total of 100 fungal isolates recovered from clinical cases of corneal ulcer were evaluated in the present study. The fungal isolates included 41 Fusarium, 32 Aspergillus flavus, 18 Aspergillus fumigatus, 5 Aspergillus terreus, and 4 Aspergillus niger isolates. The reference strain of A. flavus ATCC 204304 was included and was tested with both formulations in each series of assays. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed exactly as outlined in CLSI M38-A. Pharmaceutical-grade NAT was obtained from Alcon Laboratories (Ft. Worth, TX). A 5% NAT suspension of topical eye drops was purchased from Sun Pharmaceutical, Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Amphotericin B was used to assess quality control against A. flavus ATCC 204304 strains. Inocula were prepared without the use of Tween 20. NAT-P was weighed and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Stock solutions were stored frozen at Ϫ70°C until needed. Drug dilution tubes were prepared from a 3,200-g/ml stock and diluted 1:2.5 with water to achieve a top concentration of 1,280 g/ml. For NAT-D, 1 ml of 5% NAT suspension was mixed with 9 ml of 100% dimet...

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“…were also the most frequently isolated fungi. Fungal genera isolated in this report are considered saprophytic; however, all of them had reported from equine keratomycosis [11,12] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

İran’da Klinik Olarak Sağlıklı Yük Atlarından İzole Edilen Konjunktival Bakteriyel ve Fungal Ajanlar

Araghi-Sooreh¹,

Navidi²,

Razi³

2014

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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SummaryThis study was conducted to identify bacterial and fungal isolates of the normal eyes in working horses in Iran. Ninety swabs were taken from the conjunctival sac of 45 clinically healthy horses. Aerobic bacterial and fungal cultures were plated. A total of 9 different bacterial species (3 Gram-positive, 6 Gram-negative) and 7 different fungal species (6 molds, 1 yeast) were recovered. Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were the most frequently recovered fungi. The microbial species isolated are comparable with studies performed on horses in other areas. Keywords: Bacteria, Fungi, Conjunctiva, Working horse, Iran İran'da Klinik Olarak Sağlıklı Yük Atlarından İzole Edilen Konjunktival Bakteriyel ve Fungal Ajanlar ÖzetBu çalışma, İran'da yaşayan sağlıklı yük atlarının gözünde bulunan bakteri ve mantar izolatlarının identifikasyonu amacıyla yapıldı. Klinik olarak sağlıklı görünen 45 atın konjunktival kesesinden 90 sürüntü örneği toplandı. Aerobik bakteri ve mantarlar yönünden ekimler yapıldı. 9 farklı bakteri (3 Gram-pozitif, 6 Gram-negatif ) ve 7 farklı mantar türü (6 küf, 1 maya) izole edildi. En fazla izole edilen bakterinin Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. ve Klebsiella spp. olduğu belirlendi. En yaygın izole edilen mantar türlerinin ise Aspergillus spp. ve Penicillium spp. olduğu tespit edildi. Bu mikroorganizmaların farklı ülkelerde yaşayan atlardan izole edilenler ile benzer olduğu anlaşıldı.

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In vitro susceptibility patterns of fungi associated with keratomycosis in horses of the northeastern United States: 68 cases (1987–2006)

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of a Geographically and Temporally Matched Set ofCandida albicansIsolates from Humans and Nonmigratory Wildlife in Central Illinois

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of a Geographically and Temporally Matched Set ofCandida albicansIsolates from Humans and Nonmigratory Wildlife in Central Illinois

In Vitro Natamycin Susceptibility of Ocular Isolates ofFusariumandAspergillusSpecies: Comparison of Commercially Formulated Natamycin Eye Drops to Pharmaceutical-Grade Powder

İran’da Klinik Olarak Sağlıklı Yük Atlarından İzole Edilen Konjunktival Bakteriyel ve Fungal Ajanlar

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