In vitro Susceptibility of &lt;i&gt;Candida dubliniensis&lt;/i&gt; to Current and New Antifungal Agents

Quindós, Guillermo; Carrillo-Muñoz, Alfonso Javier; Arévalo, M.P.; Salgado, J; Alonso-Vargas, R; Rodrigo, José; Ruesga, María Teresa; Valverde, Anastasio; Pemán, Javier; Cantón, Emilia; Martín-Mazuelos, Estrella; Pontón, José

doi:10.1159/000007320

Cited by 61 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The amphotericin B MICs for all C. dubliniensis isolates tested in this study were Ͻ1 g/ml, which is in agreement with those provided in previous reports (13,20,24,27). Although there is considerable concern about fluconazole resistance among clinical isolates of C. dubliniensis recovered from HIVinfected patients previously treated with the drug (16,17,20), we found that a very low percentage of C. dubliniensis isolates were resistant to fluconazole and ketoconazole.…”

Section: Vol 41 2003 Candida Dubliniensis At a University Hospital supporting

confidence: 92%

Candida dubliniensis at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Fotedar

Hedaithy

2003

J Clin Microbiol

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Candida dubliniensis is a newly described yeast species that is a close phylogenetic relative of C. albicans. Although it has been reported from different parts of the world, no detailed investigation of this species has been done in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the present study was to identify C. dubliniensis isolates recovered from clinical specimens at a tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to determine the drug susceptibility profiles of those isolates. Over a period of 8 months, 823 germ tube-and chlamydospore-positive yeasts identified as C. albicans and recovered from different clinical specimens were screened for their ability to grow at 45°C on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Isolates which failed to grow at 45°C were presumptively identified as C. dubliniensis. The species identities were further confirmed by the production of pseudohyphae and chlamydospores on Staib agar and their inability to assimilate D-xylose and ␣-methyl-D-glucoside by using the API 20C AUX system. A total of 27 (3.3%) isolates were identified as C. dubliniensis. They were all recovered from 23 human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients. The prevalence of C. dublinensis in bronchoalveolar lavage (33.3%), oral (16.7%), and blood (16.7%) specimens was high. In addition, 33 isolates previously identified as C. albicans and preserved among our stock blood culture isolates were also recruited for the study. Of these, 5 isolates were found to be C. dubliniensis, thus making the total number of isolates identified as this species 32. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the C. dubliniensis isolates showed 100% sensitivity to amphotericin B, 97% sensitivity to each of fluconazole and ketoconazole, and 87.5% sensitivity to itraconazole. However, in contrast to other studies, the majority of the isolates (65.6%) showed high levels of resistance to flucytosine (MIC > 64 g/ml). Further studies are warranted to investigate the cause of this unusually high rate of resistance to flucytosine of the C. dubliniensis isolates in this region.

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Section: Vol 41 2003 Candida Dubliniensis At a University Hospital supporting

confidence: 92%

Candida dubliniensis at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Fotedar

Hedaithy

2003

J Clin Microbiol

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“…37 The resistance profile encountered in C. dubliniensis was, as observed in previous works, different to that observed in C. albicans. 38 In this report, the finding of a high number of C. albicans isolates resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole should be highlighted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Oral yeast carriage in HIV‐infected and non‐infected populations in Rosario, Argentina

Luque¹,

Biasoli²,

Tosello³

et al. 2008

Mycoses

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Summary The objectives of the present study were: (i) to assess the frequency of oral colonisation by Candida species in HIV‐positive patients and to compare it with a population of HIV‐negative individuals, (ii) to determine the prevalence of C. dubliniensis in both populations and (iii) to determine the susceptibility of C. dubliniensis and other Candida species isolated from HIV‐positive patients to the most commonly used antifungal agents. Oral samples were obtained from 101 HIV‐positive and 108 HIV‐negative subjects. For yeast identification, we used morphology in cornmeal agar, the API 20C Aux, growth at 45 °C, d‐xylose assimilation, morphology in sunflower seed agar and PCR. The frequency of isolation of Candida in HIV‐positive patients was: C. albicans, 60.7%; C. dubliniensis, 20.2%; C. glabrata, 5.6%; C. krusei, 5.6%; C. tropicalis, 4.5%; others, <5%. The frequency of isolation of Candida in HIV‐negative patients was: C. albicans, 73.9%; C. tropicalis, 15.5%; C. dubliniensis, 2.1%; C. glabrata, 2.1%; C. parapsilosis, 2.1%; others, <5%. The oral colonisation by yeast in the HIV‐positive patients was higher than that in the HIV‐negative subjects. The susceptibilities of 42 Candida isolates to three antifungal agents were determined. All isolates of C. dubliniensis were susceptible to fluconazole, although several individuals had been previously treated with this drug. Out of the 42 Candida isolates, 10 presented resistance to fluconazole and 10 to itraconazole. The presence of Candida species, resistant to commonly used antifungal agents, represents a potential risk in immunocompromised patients.

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“…Antifungal susceptibility data of non C. neoformans strains are scarce in the literature, even if one considers strains isolated from patients (Kordossis et al 1998, Bauters et al 2001, Chen et al 2001, McCurdy & Morrow 2001, Averbuch et al 2002, Garcia-Martos et al 2002, Quindos et al 2004). The amphotericin B results obtained in both methods tested in this study indicated a similar MIC range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, clinical isolates of C. laurentii and C. albidus show variable resistance to the antifungal (Kordossis et al 1998, Bauters et al 2001, Averbuch et al 2002. Quindos et al (2004) in a study in Spain, reported resistance indexes as high as 80%, with MIC values above 128 µg/ml. Barchiesi et al (1994) and Espinel-Ingroff et al (1992) in comparative studies confirmed the correlation of broth macrodilution and microdilution techniques for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of environmental Cryptococcus spp. isolated in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Pedroso

Ferreira

Candido

2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Infections by Cryptococcus strains other than C. neoformans have been detected in immunocompromised patients. Of these strains, three are considered human pathogens: C. albidus, C. laurenttii, and C. uniguttulatus. This study deals with the in vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus to drugs such as amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine. Environmental Cryptococcus isolates (50) distributed as follows: C. neoformans var. neoformans (16), C. albidus (17), C. laurentii (14), and C. uniguttulatus (3) were evaluated by the micro and macrodilution techniques, according to EUCAST and NCCLS recommendations, respectively. Considering both methodologies the respective minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 0.125 and 2 µg/ml for amphotericin B, 0.06 and 8 µg/ml for itraconazole, and 0.5 and more than 64 µg/ml for fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine. Agreement percentages for the two methodologies were 100% for amphotericin B and fluconazole for all the strains tested. For itraconazole, the agreement percentage was 81.3% in the C. neoformans strain and 100% for all the others. All species had a agreement percentage of 94.1 to 100% when susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine was tested. It is concluded that environmental isolates of C. neoformans var. neoformans, C. albidus, C. laurentii, and C. uniguttulatus may show high MICs against certain drugs, suggesting in vitro primary resistance to the antifungals tested

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In vitro Susceptibility of <i>Candida dubliniensis</i> to Current and New Antifungal Agents

Cited by 61 publications

References 15 publications

Candida dubliniensis at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Candida dubliniensis at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Oral yeast carriage in HIV‐infected and non‐infected populations in Rosario, Argentina

In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of environmental Cryptococcus spp. isolated in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

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