In vitro susceptibility of isolates of<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and terbinafine: comparison of yeast and mycelial forms

Kohler, Lidiane Meire; Soares, Betânia Maria; Santos, Danielle Anjos dos; Barros, Maria Elisabete da Silva; Hamdan, Júnia Soares

doi:10.1139/w06-040

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Regarding to the antifungal susceptibility profile of strains studied, our results were similar with those reported by other authors when testing S. schenckii in yeast phase. We obtained similar MIC values for terbinafine, posaconazole and fluconazole, while for amphotericin B, flucytosine, itraconazole, voriconazole and ketoconazole we observed greater discrepancies and extreme MIC values (two or more fold dilution).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular identification and susceptibility profile of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato isolated in Argentina

Córdoba

Isla

Szusz

et al. 2018

Mycoses

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We studied 23 clinical and environmental strains of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato collected from 1984 to 2017 in Argentina. The molecular identification (partial sequencing of a fragment of the calmodulin gene) of the strains was performed. For the yeast and mycelial phases, the in vitro susceptibility testing by a microdilution reference method was determined against eight antifungal drugs. Strains studied were identified as S. schenckii sensu stricto 13 (56.5%), S. brasiliensis 8 (34.7%) and S. globosa 2 (8.7%). The most active antifungal drugs tested for the yeast and mycelial phases expressed as geometric mean (GM) value of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (μg mL ) were terbinafine (0.07 and 0.24), posaconazole (0.13 and 0.58), itraconazole (0.38 and 1.10) and ketoconazole (0.22 and 0.89), while fluconazole (110.10 and 131.92) and flucytosine (2.96 and 79.03) were the less active. For voriconazole and amphotericin B the GM-MIC values were acceptably low for the yeast phase (0.39 and 0.72 μg mL ), while the mycelial phase showed values ≥2-fold higher (8.76 and 1.88 μg mL ), P < .05. Here, we described S. schenckii sensu stricto, S. brasiliensis and S. globosa, these species were isolated from humans, animals and soil and are circulating in Argentina since at least 1984.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular identification and susceptibility profile of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato isolated in Argentina

Córdoba

Isla

Szusz

et al. 2018

Mycoses

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“…The results of this study conform to those of others showing the good susceptibility of S. schenckii to most of the antifungal agents apart form FLC and VRC 2,3,5,8–10 . In general, higher MIC values were found against the mycelial phase for all antifungal agents as demonstrated in other studies 8–10 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Kohler et al. [10] suggested that one of the possibilities for the higher MIC values of mycelial phase could be because of inoculum size. However, a same size of the inoculum (10 5 ) was utilised by us for both phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal susceptibility profilein vitroofSporothrix schenckiiin two growth phases and by two methods: microdilution and E-test

Gutierrez-Galhardo¹,

Zancopé‐Oliveira

Monzón

et al. 2010

Mycoses

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The susceptibility profile of 91 Sporothrix schenckii isolates in both growth phases was determined by microdilution test (Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; AFST-EUCAST). Amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITC), posaconazole, ravuconazole and terbinafine were found active in vitro against both phases but minimum inhibitory concentrations values for mycelial phase were significantly higher. Fluconazole (FLC) and voriconazole (VRC) were inactive in vitro against both phases. The E-test technique was also performed with 41 representative isolates for AMB, FLC, ITC and VRC. Average agreement rates between yeast phase microdilution results and E-test results were high for AMB (77.5%) and FLC (87.8%), but low for ITC and VRC with rates of 56.4% and 54.5%, respectively. AFST-EUCAST is not the most recommended test to perform drug susceptibility testing of S. schenckii in clinical laboratories, and E-test could be an alternative methodology for this purpose, mainly when the activity in vitro of antifungal agents of AMB and FLC are evaluated.

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“…For posaconazole, an agreement of 76.5% was found for mycelial and yeast forms, and only 47.6% was verified for voriconazole (87) in a study with Brazilian and Spanish S. schenckii strains. Another study found similar MICs for itraconazole and terbinafine, although the MIC of amphotericin B was slightly higher for mycelia (122). It has been also demonstrated that micafungin is more active against the mycelial than the yeast S. schenckii form (172).…”

Section: Antifungal Susceptibility Testsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis

Barros

Paes²,

Schubach³

2011

Clin Microbiol Rev

495

650

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SUMMARY Sporotrichosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii , is currently distributed throughout the world, especially in tropical and subtropical zones. Infection generally occurs by traumatic inoculation of soil, plants, and organic matter contaminated with the fungus. Certain leisure and occupational activities, such as floriculture, agriculture, mining, and wood exploitation, are traditionally associated with the mycosis. Zoonotic transmission has been described in isolated cases or in small outbreaks. Since the end of the 1990s there has been an epidemic of sporotrichosis associated with transmission by cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. More than 2,000 human cases and 3,000 animal cases have been reported. In humans, the lesions are usually restricted to the skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and adjacent lymphatic vessels. In cats, the disease can evolve with severe clinical manifestations and frequent systemic involvement. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture. However, serological, histopathological, and molecular approaches have been recently adopted as auxiliary tools for the diagnosis of this mycotic infection. The first-choice treatment for both humans and cats is itraconazole.

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In vitro susceptibility of isolates ofSporothrix schenckiito amphotericin B, itraconazole, and terbinafine: comparison of yeast and mycelial forms

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Molecular identification and susceptibility profile of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato isolated in Argentina

Molecular identification and susceptibility profile of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato isolated in Argentina

Antifungal susceptibility profilein vitroofSporothrix schenckiiin two growth phases and by two methods: microdilution and E-test

Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis

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