In Vitro Study on the Response of Fibroblast Cellular Respiration to Lipoic acid, Thiamine and Carnitine in Patients with Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Abstract

Objectives: This study examined in vitro responses of fibroblast cellular respiration to lipoic acid, thiamine and carnitine in patients with dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) deficiency. This disorder impairs cellular bioenergetics and these compounds are used to improve clinical manifestations of the disease. The study aimed to utilize mitochondrial O 2 consumption as a surrogate biomarker for examining cellular responses to metabolic therapies.Methods: Cultured fibroblasts from three patients were treated with therapeutic concentrations of the compounds for 24 hours. Cells were then harvested and processed for measuring respiration using phosphorescence oxygen analyzer. Patients 1 and 2 were severely symptomatic infants with homozygous c.1436A>T mutation in the DLD gene. Patient-3 was a mildly symptomatic adolescent with homozygous c.685G>T mutation. Results:The rate of respiration (mean ± SD, n=6, µM O 2 min -1 /10 7 cells) in fibroblasts from a normal infant was 9.3 ± 1.6, in fibroblasts from Patient-1 was 5.1 ± 0.9 (p=0.001), in fibroblasts from Patient-2 was 7.4 ± 1.4 (p=0.051), and in fibroblasts from Patient-3 was 10.3 ± 3.3 (p=0.836). In normal fibroblasts, respiration decreased by the thiamine (p=0.012) and carnitine (p=0.023) treatments. In Patient-1, respiration increased by the lipoic acid (p<0.002), thiamine (p<0.001), and carnitine (p=0.018) treatments; this patient clinically responded to thiamine. In Patient-2, respiration decreased by the thiamine (p=0.026) and carnitine (p=0.008) treatments; this patient did not respond to these drugs. In Patient-3, respiration increased by the carnitine (p=0.012) treatment; the patient clinically responded to carnitine. Conclusions:The results show cellular respiration is a suitable biomarker for the disease. The significance of using this tool to assess responses to therapies requires further studies.