In vitro study on how antioxidant solutions affect enamel surface characteristics and bonding interface of ceramic laminate veneers luting after dental bleaching

Fracture strength and bonding interface morphology of CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic laminate veneers on bleached enamel treated with two different antioxidants

“…This improvement in bonding quality may account for the increased fracture strength of ceramic laminate veneers. Such observations were consistent with previous studies indicating that bleaching could interfere with the sealing of the bonding interfaces and resin tag formation in the enamel, while the addition of antioxidant treatment was able to counteract these undesirable effects 18,44) .…”

“…Several studies have examined the efficacy of antioxidant treatment in restoring the compromised bond strength of luting resin to newly bleached enamel, primarily based on shear bond strength testing. A previous study discovered that a 15-min treatment with antioxidants (10% ascorbic acid or 10% α-tocopherol) on 35% hydrogen peroxide-bleached bovine enamel positively reestablished the shear bond strength of the luting resin to freshly bleached bovine enamel 44) . However, the success of ceramic laminate veneers depends largely on the adhesion of luting resin both to the tooth structures and the intaglio surfaces of the restorations 49) .…”

“…With the introduction of antioxidants and the extension of antioxidant application duration, the bonding layer was reestablished, generating a thicker and denser bonding interface with more resin tags. The antioxidant treatment enhanced the free energy of the enamel surface and promoted the penetration and polymerization of the luting resin 44) . This improvement in bonding quality may account for the increased fracture strength of ceramic laminate veneers.…”

“…There have been a great number of studies proving the effectiveness of sodium ascorbate and proanthocyanidins on reestablishing the bonding strength of composite resin and bleached tooth structures 33,36,38,41,42) , and a small amount of research has been conducted to investigate the effects of antioxidants on the shear bond strength of luting resins to tooth structures [43][44][45] . Clinical studies have shown that the fracture of the ceramic veneers is one of the main reasons for restoration failure 46) .…”

Orthodontic adhesive loaded with different proportions of ZrO2 silver‐doped nanoparticles: An in vitro μTBS, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and antimicrobial analysis

“…Including these factors in future research reports, particularly in conjunction with AgDNPs, will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the subject. Furthermore, it is recommended that additional in vitro investigations be carried out, with a specific emphasis on surface profilometry (Rapone et al, 2022), surface alterations (Strazzi‐Sahyon et al, 2022), bond strength assessment (Alrefeai et al, 2022), and surface‐free energy analysis (Neves et al, 2018). These additional studies can help validate the findings and conclusions drawn from the present study and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the material's behavior and performance in real‐world clinical scenarios.…”