In vitro Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Glass‐ceramic Scaffolds

Cationic and Anionic Substitutions in Hydroxyapatite

“…These substituted materials can be also seen not only as promising bone substitutes but also as drug delivery systems for the controlled-localized delivery, since the ions released during bone substitute resorption could be considered as drugs for bone disease treatment, being able to stimulate the expression of several osteoblastic cell genes [482,483], to induce angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo [484], and to exercise possible antibacterial [485] and inflammatory [486] actions, as evidenced in the case of ionic dissolution products from 45S5 Bioglass ® (e.g., Si, Ca, P, Na) and from other silicate-based glasses [487][488][489][490][491]. Thus it is very important to properly select both the ion doping amount, taking into account its therapeutic level and its release rate, and the ion kinds.…”

Bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…Further studies using 45S5 Bioglass ® particles have shown encouraging results regarding potential angiogenic effects of Bioglass ® , i.e., increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF gene expression in vitro, as well as enhancement of vascularization in vivo [53][54][55][56] (see §4). In addition, the incorporation of particular ions into the silicate network, such as silver [20][21][22] and boron [26,27], has been investigated in order 6 to develop antibacterial and antimicrobial materials. Bioactive glasses can also serve as vehicle for the local delivery of selected ions being able to control specific cell functions [30,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64].…”

“…The high amounts of Na 2 O and CaO, as well as the relatively high CaO/P 2 O 5 ratio make the glass surface highly reactive in physiological environments [11]. Other bioactive glass compositions developed over the years contain no sodium or have additional elements incorporated in the silicate network such as fluorine [13], magnesium [14,15], strontium [16][17][18], iron [19], silver [20][21][22][23], boron [24][25][26][27], potassium [28] or zinc [29,30]. Fabrication techniques for bioactive glasses include both traditional melting methods and sol-gel techniques [1, 3,4,10,[31][32][33], the latter are being highlighted elsewhere [34] and are not covered in this review.…”

Development and Applications of Varieties of Bioactive Glass Compositions in Dental Surgery, Third Generation Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Surgery and as Drug Delivery System

“…High amounts of Na 2 O and CaO as well as relatively high CaO/P 2 O 5 ratio make the glass surface highly reactive in physiological environments (Hench, 1991). Other bioactive glass compositions developed over few years contain no sodium or have additional elements incorporated in the silicate network such as fluorine (Vitale-Brovarone et al, 2008), magnesium (Vitale-Brovarone et al, 2005;Vitale-Brovarone et al, 2007), strontium (Gentleman et al, 2010;Pan et al, 2010), iron (Hsi et al, 2007), silver (Balamurugan et al, 2008;Bellantone et al, 2002;Blaker et al, 2004;Delben et al, 2009), boron (Gorriti et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2009a;Liu et al, 2009b;Munukka et al, 2008), potassium (Cannillo & Sola, 2009) or zinc (Aina et al, 2009Haimi et al, 2009). Introduction of Ag 2 O into bioactive glass compositions minimize the risk of microbial contamination by antimicrobial activity of the leaching Ag + ions has been reported (Blaker et al, 2004;Saravanapavan et al, 2003).…”