In vitro study of platelet function confirms the contribution of the ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in the lesions observed in riboflavin/UVB‐treated platelet concentrates

Abstract

The amotosalen/UVA-treated PCs confirmed previously published results with a slight increase of PSLs compared to untreated PCs. Riboflavin/UVB-treated PCs present significant in vitro PSLs compared to untreated PCs. These lesions are caused by the UVB radiation alone and probably involve the generation of reactive oxygen species. The impact of these observations on clinical use must be investigated.

Redox Proteomics and Platelet Activation: Understanding the Redox Proteome to Improve Platelet Quality for Transfusion

“…Our lab has demonstrated the effects of PITs on oxidative processes in platelets by showing an important decrease in extracellular antioxidant power after INTERCEPT ® treatment; the same effects were seen with our laboratory’s in-house riboflavin/UVB system [24]. Antioxidant power was measured electrochemically using EDEL technology (in arbitrary units equivalent to one micromolar ascorbic acid) by deposing a 2 µL drop of liquid sample on a microchip.…”

“…The in vitro hypotonic shock response assay, which tests the capacity of platelets to recover their initial shape after hypotonic stimulation, showed different results for control platelets versus PI-treated platelets [24,91,92]. It would be interesting to verify the correlation between ROS imbalance and poorer cell shape recovery.…”

“…Indeed, amotosalen and riboflavin, which are the photosensitizers in INTERCEPT™ and Mirasol ® , respectively, can sensitize oxygen molecules via type I or II mechanisms following excitation by UV light and thereby generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), like 1 O 2 , O 2 −· , H 2 O 2 , and OH [21,22]. Furthermore, UV light alone can induce the formation of ROS [23], showing that UV(B) itself can play an active role in platelet functionality in vitro [24]. As a consequence, over time, an ROS imbalance could potentially impact platelet function in both reversible and irreversible ways.…”

Hemostatic properties and protein expression profile of therapeutic apheresis plasma treated with amotosalen and ultraviolet A for pathogen inactivation

“…During the photoinactivation process using UV light, in particular UVC or UVB with riboflavin or UVA (much less efficient for oxidation) with amotosalen, reactive oxygen species are generated. It has been demonstrated that reactive oxygen species can induce modifications of model peptides and that this oxidative process could occur at the protein level and lead to protein modifications …”

Pathogen reduction/inactivation of products for the treatment of bleeding disorders: what are the processes and what should we say to patients?

“…After the inactivation process, riboflavin (vitamin B2) does not need to be removed from the treated product. The procedure is safe and is not toxic or carcinogenic [65, 67, 70], but may be associated with undesirable side effects such as expression of active GPIIb/IIIa on platelets and abnormal interaction of fibrinogen [88]. This method has recently been shown to efficiently inactivate dengue virus in platelet concentrates [89], ebola virus in vitro [90] and P. falciparum in whole blood, as described above [59].…”