In vitro study of biologically active properties of complexes isolated from biomass of microscopic algae

Abstract

Microalgae are rich in biologically active substances: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, phycobiliproteins, enzymes, which are able to provide antioxidant, immunostimulating, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, antihypertensive, regenerative and neuroprotective effects on a body. The aim of this study is to run in vitro study of the antioxidant, antibacterial, fungicidal, antihypertensive and prebiotic properties of protein concentrate (PC), lipid-pigment complex (LPC) and carbohydrate-mineral complexes (CMC) obtained from the biomass of microscopic algae. To determine in vitro the antioxidant, antibacterial, fungicidal, antihypertensive and prebiotic properties of protein concentrates, lipid-pigment complexes and carbohydratemineral complexes obtained from the biomass of microscopic algae, the following methods were used: method of diffusion (on a solid nutritional medium); optical density method (in a liquid nutritional medium); the method for determining the antioxidant activity of the researched samples by their ability to restore free radicals; the method of inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. It was shown in this study that among the studied samples the carbohydrate-mineral complex provided the most pronounced antioxidant effect. It was found that both protein concentrates, and lipid-pigment complexes and carbohydrate-mineral complexes feature antibacterial and fungicidal properties. It was proven that among the studied samples the carbohydrate-mineral complex provided the least pronounced antihypertensive effect. It was found that the lipid-pigment complexes and carbohydrate-mineral complexes practically have no prebiotic properties. The biological activity (antimicrobial, fungicidal, antioxidant and prebiotic activities), as well as the antihypertensive properties, were confirmed in the protein concentrates, lipid-pigment complexes and carbohydrate-mineral complexes obtained from the biomass of microscopic algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira platensis, Nostoc sp., Dunaliella salina, Pleurochrysis carterae). All these factors open up promising prospects for the practical application of protein concentrates, as well as lipid-pigment complexes and carbohydrate-mineral complexes.