In vitro study of alginate?chitosan microcapsules: an alternative to liver cell transplants for the treatment of liver failure

Haque, Tasima; Chen, Hongmei; Ouyang, Wei; Martoni, Christopher; Lawuyi, Bisi; Urbanska, Aleksandra M.; Prakash, Satya

doi:10.1007/s10529-005-0687-3

Cited by 93 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the encapsulation procedure and the polymers used are not described and the capsules' mechanical properties are not assessed. Haque et al 29 have shown the viability of hepatocytes encapsulated in alginate-chitosan for 24 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alginate–chitosan complex coacervation for cell encapsulation: Effect on mechanical properties and on long‐term viability

2006

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The use of chitosan in complexation with alginate appears to be a promising strategy for cell microencapsulation, due to the biocompatibility of both polymers and the high mechanical properties attributed by the use of chitosan. The present work focuses on the optimization and characterization of the alginate-chitosan system to achieve long-term cell encapsulation. Microcapsules were prepared from four types of chitosan using one- and two-stage encapsulation procedures. The effect of reaction time and pH on long-term cell viability and mechanical properties of the microcapsules was evaluated. Using the single-stage encapsulation procedure led to increase of at least fourfold in viability compared with the two-stage procedure. Among the four types of chitosan, the use of high molecular weight (MW) chitosan glutamate and low MW chitosan chloride provided high viability levels as well as good mechanical properties, i.e., more than 93% intact capsules. The high viability levels were found to be independent of the reaction conditions when using high MW chitosan. However, when using low MW chitosan, better viability levels (195%) were obtained when using a pH of 6 and a reaction time of 30 min. An alginate-chitosan cell encapsulation system was devised to achieve high cell viability levels as well as to improve mechanical properties, thus holding great potential for future clinical application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alginate–chitosan complex coacervation for cell encapsulation: Effect on mechanical properties and on long‐term viability

2006

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“…These types of hydrogel are particularly useful in examining cellular behaviour owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and biofunctionality [68]. cornea agarose-fibrin [29] alginate-gelatin nanofibre [163] collagen [146,149,150] collagen-PLGLA nanofibre [160] alginate [34] cellulose [35] heparin [36] alginate-hyaluronic acid [33] collagen [190] collagen-chitosan [32] dextran [30,31] hyaluronic acid [44] alginate [27] collagen [23,24] dextran [25] gelatin [26] collagen [17,97] fibrin [37] agarose [51,175,179,196] alginate [126] chitosan [20,50] fibrin [42,51] gellan gum [22,51] hyaluronic acid [110] PEG [60] A key factor when examining cell-material mechano-interactions is the mechanisms of cell adhesion to the hydrogel. Cell surface receptors such as integrins bind to ligands within the hydrogel if such adhesion sites exist.…”

Section: Cell-mediated Remodelling Of Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to cell–hydrogel mechanosensing

2014

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The development of hydrogel-based biomaterials represents a promising approach to generating new strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In order to develop more sophisticated cell-seeded hydrogel constructs, it is important to understand how cells mechanically interact with hydrogels. In this paper, we review the mechanisms by which cells remodel hydrogels, the influence that the hydrogel mechanical and structural properties have on cell behaviour and the role of mechanical stimulation in cell-seeded hydrogels. Cell-mediated remodelling of hydrogels is directed by several cellular processes, including adhesion, migration, contraction, degradation and extracellular matrix deposition. Variations in hydrogel stiffness, density, composition, orientation and viscoelastic characteristics all affect cell activity and phenotype. The application of mechanical force on cells encapsulated in hydrogels can also instigate changes in cell behaviour. By improving our understanding of cell-material mechano-interactions in hydrogels, this should enable a new generation of regenerative medical therapies to be developed.

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“…As these highly confluent lymphocytes secrete a high amount of cytokines, the viability of the encapsulated cells will depend on the immune-isolation properties of the capsular membrane. 13,15 Capsules were withdrawn from this co-culture from time to time in order to check the viability of the encapsulated cells with calcein AM dye following the method mentioned above.…”

Section: Immunoprotective Behavior Of the Microcapsules Against Lymphmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,34 Furthermore, microencapsulated cells are protected from immune rejection because leukocytes and antibodies cannot penetrate the capsule. 7,13,14 Thus, it becomes an ideal tool for allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation. The concept of microencapsulation may therefore eliminate the requirement for immune suppressants when used in transplantations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on PEG Integrated Alginate–Chitosan Microcapsules for Myocardial Therapy Using Marrow Stem Cells Genetically Modified by Recombinant Baculovirus

Paul

Shum‐Tim

Prakash

2010

Cardiovasc Eng Tech

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Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) therapy can significantly improve cardiac ventricular function following ischemic injury. Their potential can be further enhanced by using genetically modified cells, overexpressing certain therapeutic biomolecules. However, such therapy is limited by low efficiency of transplantation of the cells, secreting inadequate therapeutic proteins. To address these issues, we developed recombinant baculoviruses to genetically modify the BMSCs and investigated the potential of using polyethylene glycol (PEG) integrated alginate-chitosan microcapsules (AC) for efficient myocardial transplantation. The data indicates that the cells encapsulated in AC-PEG microcapsules grew rapidly from 80 cells per capsule to above 100 cells per capsule within a week, reaching a confluency of average 110 cells by day 9 of encapsulation. The microcapsules proved superior to commonly used AC microcapsules in terms of immune protection. After 11 days of co-culture of the encapsulated cells with highly confluent lymphocytes, the viable cell population in AC-PEG microcapsules was reduced by only 20%, whereas in AC microcapsules it was reduced to more than 50%. AC-PEG microcapsules also had significantly higher mechanical (65 vs. 10%) and osmotic (92 vs. 52%) stability than commonly used AC microcapsules as seen after 2 h of external stresses. The entrapped genetically modified cells showed highest transgene expression on day 1, which was gradually reduced to 48% after 1 week and to 14% after 2 weeks. This expression pattern was also dependant on initial viral incubation time, with 8 h incubation being the optimum. The encapsulated cells, transduced with baculovirus, also retained their inherent potential to differentiate into multiple lineages. Because of the above characteristics, the baculovirus transduced microencapsulated BMSCs have immense potential in myocardial cell-based gene therapy, although preclinical studies are needed to be done to establish their functional benefits on myocardial implantation.

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In vitro study of alginate?chitosan microcapsules: an alternative to liver cell transplants for the treatment of liver failure

Cited by 93 publications

References 22 publications

Alginate–chitosan complex coacervation for cell encapsulation: Effect on mechanical properties and on long‐term viability

Alginate–chitosan complex coacervation for cell encapsulation: Effect on mechanical properties and on long‐term viability

Introduction to cell–hydrogel mechanosensing

Investigation on PEG Integrated Alginate–Chitosan Microcapsules for Myocardial Therapy Using Marrow Stem Cells Genetically Modified by Recombinant Baculovirus

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