In Vitro Study for Comparing the Cytotoxicity of Silver and Gold Nanospheres on Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Line

Abstract

Silver nanospheres (AgNSs) and gold nanospheres (AuNSs) made a huge commercial and scientific interests due to their antimicrobials potency, use in nanomedicine and drug delivery systems. Macrophages are the primary site for clearing waste substances from tissues and the intracellular infections produced by pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, studying the cytotoxic effects of nanomaterials on such promising model will open new era towards safe use of nanobased treatments of intracellular pathogens. In This study, the effect of three different concentrations (10, 20, 40 µg/ml) of AuNSs and AgNSs with an average diameter of 20 nm was studied on RAW264.7 murine macrophage viability for 3 hours using XTT assay. AuNSs were found nontoxic to macrophages at all tested concentration. However AgNSs showed acute decline in viability of RAW264.7 cells even at the lowest concentration (10 µg/ml). In another experiment, the effect of AuNSs and AgNSs was examined on short and long term manners by treating macrophages with single dose of 20 µg/ml for different time points (0, 10, 20, 30, 60 minutes, 24, and 48 hours). Results revealed that AgNSs induced acute cytotoxicity to macrophages till 48 hours, while gold nanospheres were safe to RAW264.7 cells at all-time points compared to untreated control. Thus the AuNSs might represent a safe drug delivery platform for combating the intracellular pathogens like M. tuberculosis without hurting their host cells.

Production of gold/silver doped carbon nanocomposites for effective photothermal therapy of colon cancer

“…It was correctly inferred from the studies that Au/Ag-CQD-NC was lesser cytotoxic than Ag-CQD-NC. One of the major reasons of this non-cytotoxic behaviour is that Au nanoparticles are routinely used for drug delivery in human as well as murine cells and are known to be ideally suited for the purpose 35 . The cytotoxicity induced by the silver nanoparticles may be shielded by the introduction of Au 3+ ions which changes to Au metal atoms and forms the nanocomposite.…”

“…The cytotoxicity induced by the silver nanoparticles may be shielded by the introduction of Au 3+ ions which changes to Au metal atoms and forms the nanocomposite. This may be explained by the fact although gold and silver are inert biomaterials when in bulk size 35 but when they are in the submicron form; they may bind to biological molecules. This may result in generation of side effects in cells thereby resulting in cell toxicity.…”

Gold Nanorods as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Rifampicin Greatly Improve the Efficacy of Combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Good Biocompatibility with the Host Cells

“…The molar concentrations of particles were calculated according to Beer’s law (i.e., A = ∑ bC ). The absorbance ( A ) was measured by UV–vis and molar absorbance value, ε, for AuNRs or AuNSs was obtained from the literature. ,, …”

“…The absorbance (A) was measured by UV−vis and molar absorbance value, ε, for AuNRs or AuNSs was obtained from the literature. 39,49,50 Conjugation of AuNPs with (Rifampicin). First, conjugation of AuNPs with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was performed by adding 50 mL of 0.5 mM BSA (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) into nanoparticle solutions (1 nM).…”

Valorization of coffee bean processing waste for the sustainable extraction of biologically active pectin

“…Microwave-assisted extraction appears to be an innovative and advanced technique, developed as a substitute for available traditional methods [ 25 ]. This technique is advantageous from short processing time and low energy consumption, low solvent requirements and low cost, easy controllability, and high efficiency [ 26 ].…”