In vitro studies of the influence of prolactin on tail regeneration in the adult newtNotophthalmus viridescens

Liversage, Richard A.; Stewart, Wendy E.; McLaughlin, Danielle S.

doi:10.1007/bf00848228

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Rhythmicity of melatonin and serotonin secretion may influence regeneration by modulating the secretion of prolactin [ 88 ]. Studies have shown that prolactin significantly increases regeneration in newt forelimbs and newt and lizard tails [ 51 , 52 , 94 , 95 ]. Thus, an increase in regeneration occurring under conditions of constant light may be due to high levels of serotonin, which stimulates the release of prolactin [ 44 , 88 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Artificial Night Lighting on Tail Regeneration and Prey Consumption in a Nocturnal Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and on the Behavior of Fruit Fly Prey (Drosophila virilis)

Wise

Rohacek

Scanlon

et al. 2022

Animals

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As human development continues to encroach into natural habitats, artificial light at night (ALAN) has increasingly become a concern for wildlife. Nocturnal animals are especially vulnerable to ALAN, as the physiology and behavior of nocturnal species have evolved under conditions associated with predictably dark environments. Studies exposing amphibians to constant bright light provide evidence for changes to normal metabolism, growth, and behavior, but few of these studies have used treatments of dim ALAN comparable to that found in affected habitats. Eastern red-backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus, use their tails for fat storage and communication, are capable of tail autotomy as an antipredator mechanism, and can regenerate the tail in its entirety. We examined the effect of different, ecologically-relevant intensities of ALAN on the rate of tail regeneration in adult P. cinereus. We hypothesized that ALAN would increase tail regeneration rates such that salamanders exposed to higher levels of light at night would regenerate tails faster than those exposed to lower light levels. In a controlled laboratory setting, we exposed salamanders (N = 76) in test chambers to nocturnal illuminations of 0.0001 lx (no ALAN, natural nocturnal illumination dark control), 0.01 lx (weak ALAN), 1 lx (moderate ALAN), or 100 lx (bright ALAN, equal to dim daytime and our day lighting treatment) for a period of 90 d immediately following tail autotomy. In addition, because these salamanders eat mostly live, moving prey, we investigated the impact of ALAN on the behavior of prey (Drosophila virilis) fed to the salamanders in our laboratory trials, which could alter feeding and regeneration rates in salamanders. We predicted that prey consumption would not be affected by ALAN and measured both prey consumption and prey behavior (activity) to examine the potential influence on regeneration. For tail regeneration, we found a non-monotonic response to ALAN, with salamanders exposed to nocturnal illuminations 0.1 lx and 100 lx regenerating tails significantly slower than salamanders in the 0.0001 lx or 1 lx treatments. Prey consumption did not differ among light treatments; however, fruit fly activity increased with increasing ALAN. These results suggest that ALAN influences regeneration rates, but the rate of regeneration is not dose-dependent and is not explained easily by prey consumption or movement of prey. We suggest that tail regeneration in these salamanders may involve a complex mechanism of altered gene expression and/or modulation of hormonal activity (corticosterone, melatonin, serotonin, and/or prolactin) at different intensities of nocturnal lighting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Artificial Night Lighting on Tail Regeneration and Prey Consumption in a Nocturnal Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and on the Behavior of Fruit Fly Prey (Drosophila virilis)

Wise

Rohacek

Scanlon

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…However, the proliferation and differentiation of blastema cells is under hormonal control. In experiments with the cultivation of regenerating tail blastemas in a medium with individual hormones such as prolactin, insulin, thyroxine, hydrocortisone, and their combinations, two multidirectional hormonal effects regulating the course of regeneration were identified [184]. Prolactin and insulin promoted intensive proliferation of blastema cells but inhibited differentiation; thyroxine, on the other hand, enhanced chondrogenesis.…”

Section: Molecular Regulators Of Tail Regeneration In Salamanders 41 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tail and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Urodelean Amphibians

Grigoryan,

Markitantova

2024

Life

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Urodelean amphibians can regenerate the tail and the spinal cord (SC) and maintain this ability throughout their life. This clearly distinguishes these animals from mammals. The phenomenon of tail and SC regeneration is based on the capability of cells involved in regeneration to dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and change their (or return to the pre-existing) phenotype during de novo organ formation. The second critical aspect of the successful tail and SC regeneration is the mutual molecular regulation by tissues, of which the SC and the apical wound epidermis are the leaders. Molecular regulatory systems include signaling pathways components, inflammatory factors, ECM molecules, ROS, hormones, neurotransmitters, HSPs, transcriptional and epigenetic factors, etc. The control, carried out by regulatory networks on the feedback principle, recruits the mechanisms used in embryogenesis and accompanies all stages of organ regeneration, from the moment of damage to the completion of morphogenesis and patterning of all its structures. The late regeneration stages and the effects of external factors on them have been poorly studied. A new model for addressing this issue is herein proposed. The data summarized in the review contribute to understanding a wide range of fundamentally important issues in the regenerative biology of tissues and organs in vertebrates including humans.

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“…The rate of blastema production and growth is a determinant of the overall observable rate of early regeneration in fins and limbs and may also be reflected in the rate of regeneration of the full structure in some instances. In these newts, serotonin-stimulated prolactin release promotes increased cell density at the blastema site, which may be due to increased cellular proliferation, decreased cell death, and/or increased blastema cell recruitment, and subsequently accelerates regeneration rate 10 , 40 , 41 . However, the precise molecular mechanism of prolactin action in the context of regeneration remains unknown.…”

Section: Eternal Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-species analysis of systemic mediators of repair and complex tissue regeneration

2021

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Regeneration is an elegant and complex process informed by both local and long-range signals. Many current studies on regeneration are largely limited to investigations of local modulators within a canonical cohort of model organisms. Enhanced genetic tools increasingly enable precise temporal and spatial perturbations within these model regenerators, and these have primarily been applied to cells within the local injury site. Meanwhile, many aspects of broader spatial regulators of regeneration have not yet been examined with the same level of scrutiny. Recent studies have shed important insight into the significant effects of environmental cues and circulating factors on the regenerative process. These observations highlight that consideration of more systemic and possibly more broadly acting cues will also be critical to fully understand complex tissue regeneration. In this review, we explore the ways in which systemic cues and circulating factors affect the initiation of regeneration, the regenerative process, and its outcome. As this is a broad topic, we conceptually divide the factors based on their initial input as either external cues (for example, starvation and light/dark cycle) or internal cues (for example, hormones); however, all of these inputs ultimately lead to internal responses. We consider studies performed in a diverse set of organisms, including vertebrates and invertebrates. Through analysis of systemic mediators of regeneration, we argue that increased investigation of these “systemic factors” could reveal novel insights that may pave the way for a diverse set of therapeutic avenues.

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In vitro studies of the influence of prolactin on tail regeneration in the adult newtNotophthalmus viridescens

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

The Effects of Artificial Night Lighting on Tail Regeneration and Prey Consumption in a Nocturnal Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and on the Behavior of Fruit Fly Prey (Drosophila virilis)

The Effects of Artificial Night Lighting on Tail Regeneration and Prey Consumption in a Nocturnal Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and on the Behavior of Fruit Fly Prey (Drosophila virilis)

Tail and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Urodelean Amphibians

A cross-species analysis of systemic mediators of repair and complex tissue regeneration

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