In Vitro Studies of Contact Hypersensitivity: Lymphocyte Transformation in Nickel Sensitivity

Millikan, Larry E.; Conway, F.; Foote, Jerry E.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12724164

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This has been used to diagnose delayed hypersensitiv ity in vitro (lymphocyte transformation test; LTT). Some metal compounds such as cobalt chloride [23], nickel salts [6,7,11,19], potassium dichromate [9], have similarly been reported to cause a specific trans formation of sensitized human lymphocytes and the possibility to diagnose contact allergy by an in vitro test has been suggested. However, there are also re ports of a nonspecific stimulating effect on unsensi tized human peripheral blood lymphocytes by mercu ric compounds [4,8,18], nickel salts [1,2,10,14,20] and zinc compounds [3,16], Similarly, peripheral adult rabbit, rat and guinea pig lymphoid cells were stimulated by mercuric chloride [15] and human cord blood lymphocytes by mercuric compounds [4], nick el sulfate [1] and zinc compounds [16],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Metal Allergens on the DNA Synthesis of Unsensitized Guinea Pig Lymphoid Cells Cultured in vitro

Nordlind

1982

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The metal allergens cobalt chloride, mercuric chloride, nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate were tested regarding their effect on the DNA synthesis of lymphoid cells from unsensitized guinea pigs. At certain concentrations in the range of 10^-8 to 10^-6M, all tested metal compounds stimulated the DNA synthesis of both thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes after 48 h of culture. The most consistent stimulation with all tested metal allergens was obtained with spleen cells. Thymocytes and spleen cells were stimulated even when the small fraction of adherent cells was eliminated. Mercuric chloride and potassium dichromate were found to be inhibiting at 10^-6 to 10^-4M, while cobalt chloride and nickel sulfate were less toxic and inhibiting at 10^-4 to 10^-3M. At 5 h of culture the lowest inhibitory concentration of potassium dichromate was found to be about 100-fold lower than that of nickel sulfate, which may be of practical interest for the choice of concentrations used in human patch test. The lowest concentrations of mercuric chloride and potassium dichromate which at 5 h were inhibitory, were stimulating at 48 h. The presence of serum seemed to have a protective and modifying role regarding the effect of the various metal compounds on the DNA synthesis.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Metal Allergens on the DNA Synthesis of Unsensitized Guinea Pig Lymphoid Cells Cultured in vitro

Nordlind

1982

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using nickel sulfate and nickel acetate as antigens, Gimenez-Camarasa et al [60] reported specific transformation in nickel-sensitive patients, with neither salt acting in a nonspecific capacity. There have been reports of similar findings [61,62]. In addition to demonstrating transformation in response to nickel challenge of lymphocytes from nickel-allergic subjects, several authors found a weak, nonspecific mitogenic effect in control patients, taken as an indication that mechanisms other than those mediated by lymphocytes may be operating under patch test conditions [63][64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Review Of Mechanism Of Lttmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Amounts of nickel as mitogen vary from 23,770 Ìg with positive results, down to 0.01 Ìg with negative results [62]. Certain authors [61] suggest testing at more than one concentration because of 'high dilution responders' and 'low-dilution responders' among patients.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Lttmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Testing for Nickel Allergic Hypersensitivity: Patch Testing versus Lymphocyte Transformation Test

Hostýnek

Reagan²,

Maibach

2002

Exog Dermatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review evaluates the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) as an in vitro alternative to the traditional patch testing. Patch test results require knowledge, practice and experience for correct biological and clinical interpretation, and in spite of long-term use, the method is fraught with technical and interpretative limitations. Nickel in particular is an allergen eliciting false-positive reactions in patch testing due to the irritancy of test materials; it is sometimes difficult to distinguish an irritant reaction from a true allergic response, and patients may need to be tested more than once. Also false-negative reactions can occur due to varying sensitivity of the patient. It therefore appears reasonable to search for a more objective, in vitro alternative; the LTT appears one procedure which gives relatively reliable results. Still, at this point this method can only be used in association with patch testing, and it has often given results inconsistent with the patch test.

show abstract

“…4,5 Another diagnostic method mentioned in the literature but with varied and controversial results is the lymphocyte proliferation test -LPT. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients are placed in contact with nickel in LPT. If the patient is sensitive to nickel, the circulating memory lymphocytes are activated, synthesize DNA and split.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estudo da proliferação linfocitária em pacientes sensibilizados ao níquel

Sanchez¹,

Maruta

Sato

et al. 2005

An. Bras. Dermatol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of nickel sensitivity is made by epicutaneous patch testing. OBJECTIVE: To develop a more sensitive and specific test. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients with positive patch test reactions to nickel and 25 controls were submitted to lymphocyte proliferation test. Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral venous blood and cultivated in triplicate in culture plates (2x10 5 cells/well) with: culture medium only, nickel sulfate (156.25; 78.13; 19.53; 9.77 and 2.44µM) and optimal concentrations of Candida albicans antigen as well as pokeweed, phytohemagglutinin A and anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3) mitogens. Tritiated thymidine was added to plates, radioactivity incorporated by cells was measured and the results expressed by the stimulation index (SI). RESULTS: The lymphocyte proliferative response was higher in cases than in controls in all nickel concentrations tested. Considering positive test reactions when SI > 3, none of the controls and 16 (84.21%) cases were positive in at least one of five concentrations used. The proliferative responses to Candida albicans and mitogens were similar in cases and controls, demonstrating normal cellular immunity in both groups. CONCLUSION: The lymphocyte proliferation test is useful in diagnosis of nickel sensitivity. Keywords: Lymphocyte activation; Dermatitis, contact; Nickel. (156,25; 78,13; 19,53; 9,77 e 2,44µM) Resumo e concentrações ideais do antíge-no Candida albicans e dos mitógenos pokeweed, fito-hemaglutinina A e anticorpo anti-CD3 (OKT3). Timidina tritiada foi adicionada às placas, a radioatividade incorporada pelas células medida e os resultados expressos pelo índice de estimulação (IE). RESULTADOS: A resposta proliferativa dos linfócitos dos casos foi superior à dos controles em todas as con

show abstract

In Vitro Studies of Contact Hypersensitivity: Lymphocyte Transformation in Nickel Sensitivity

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Metal Allergens on the DNA Synthesis of Unsensitized Guinea Pig Lymphoid Cells Cultured in vitro

Effect of Metal Allergens on the DNA Synthesis of Unsensitized Guinea Pig Lymphoid Cells Cultured in vitro

Diagnostic Testing for Nickel Allergic Hypersensitivity: Patch Testing versus Lymphocyte Transformation Test

Estudo da proliferação linfocitária em pacientes sensibilizados ao níquel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About