In Vitro Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani and Other Multinucleate and Binucleate Rhizoctonia to Selected Fungicides

Carling, D. E.

doi:10.1094/pd-74-0860

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…It is common to isolate multiple Rhizoctonia species and AGs from infected turfgrasses. Different Rhizoctonia species and AGs vary in sensitivity to commonly applied fungicides [9][10][11][12] and they also have different temperature ranges conducive for causing disease [8]. Therefore, correct identification of the causal pathogen and its AG is important to predict the disease progression and make future disease management decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFLP Fingerprinting for Identification of Infra-Species Groups of Rhizoctonia solani and Waitea circinata

Amaradasa¹,

Amundsen²

2015

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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Patch diseases caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk and Waitea circinata Warcup and Talbot varieties (anamorphs: Rhizoctonia species) pose a serious threat to successful maintenance of several important turfgrass species. Reliance on field symptoms to identify Rhizoctonia causal agents can be difficult and misleading. Different Rhizoctonia species and Anastomosis Groups (AGs) vary in sensitivity to commonly applied fungicides and they also have different temperature ranges conducive for causing disease. Thus correct identification of the causal pathogen is important to predict disease progression and make future disease management decisions. Grouping Rhizoctonia species by anastomosis reactions is difficult and time consuming. Identification of Rhizoctonia isolates by sequencing Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region can be cost prohibitive. Some Rhizoctonia isolates are difficult to sequence due to polymorphism of the ITS region. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) is a reliable and cost effective fingerprinting method for investigating genetic diversity of many organisms. No detailed analyses have been done to determine the suitability of AFLP for inferring infra-species level of Rhizoctonia isolates. The objective of the present study was to develop AFLP fingerprinting to identify infra-species level of unknown R. solani Kühn and W. circinata isolates. Seventy-nine previously characterized R. solani (n=55) and W. circinata (n=24) isolates were analyzed with AFLP markers generated by four primer pairs. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) correctly grouped R. solani and W.circinata isolates according to their AG, AG subgroup or W.circinata variety. Principle component analysis (PCA) corroborated UPGMA clusters. To our knowledge this is the first time AFLP analysis has been tested as a method to decipher the AG, AG subgroup or W.circinata variety across a wide range of Rhizoctonia isolates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFLP Fingerprinting for Identification of Infra-Species Groups of Rhizoctonia solani and Waitea circinata

Amaradasa¹,

Amundsen²

2015

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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“…Rhizoctonia species and AGs vary in sensitivity to commonly applied fungicides (Martin et al 1984a(Martin et al , 1984bCarling et al 1990;Campion et al 2003;Kataria et al 1991;Kataria and Gisi 1996). Different Rhizoctonia species have different temperature ranges most conducive to disease (Smiley et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of SCAR markers and UP-PCR cross-hybridization method for specific detection of four major subgroups of Rhizoctonia from infected turfgrasses

et al. 2014

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A rapid identification assay for Waitea circinata (anamorph: Rhizoctonia spp.) varieties zeae and circinata causing patch diseases on turfgrasses was developed based on the universally primed PCR (UP-PCR) products cross-blot hybridization. Tester isolates belonging to the two varieties of W. circinata were amplified with a single UP primer L21, which generated multiple DNA fragments for each variety. Probes were prepared with UP-PCR products of each tester isolate by labeling with digoxigenin. Fieldcollected W. circinata isolates and representative isolates of different R. solani anastomosis groups (AG) and AG subgroups were amplified with L21, immobilized on nylon membrane and cross hybridized with the two probes. Isolates within a W. circinata variety cross-hybridized strongly, while non-homologous isolates did not cross-hybridize or did so weakly. Closely related W. circinata varieties zeae and circinata were clearly distinguished with this assay. Sequencecharacterized amplified region (SCAR) markers also were developed from UP-PCR products to identify isolates of Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorph: R. solani) AG 1-IB and AG 2-2IIIB. These two AGs are commonly isolated from diseased, cool-season turfgrasses. The specific SCAR markers that were developed could differentiate isolates of AG 1-IB or AG 2-2IIIB groups. These SCAR markers did not amplify a product from genomic DNA of nontarget isolates of Rhizoctonia. The specificities and sensitivities of the SCAR primers were tested on total DNA extracted from several field-grown, cool-season turf species having severe brown-patch symptoms. First, the leaf samples from diseased turf species were tested for the anastomosis groups of the causal pathogen, and thereafter the total DNA was amplified with the specific primers. The specific primers were sensitive and unique enough to produce a band from total DNA of diseased turfgrasses infected with either AG 1-IB or AG 2-2IIIB.

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“…Many currently registered fungicides encompassing multiple modes of action are registered for controlling Rhizoctonia spp. on turfgrass (Carling et al, 1990; Kataria et al, 1991; Hamada et al, 2011; Amaradasa et al, 2014). However, few fungicides are labeled for control of RLSS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few fungicides are labeled for control of RLSS. Previous in vitro fungicide sensitivity studies demonstrated that isolates of R. zeae were insensitive to benomyl but were sensitive to carboxin, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), fenpropimorph, and demtheylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides (triadimefon, hexaconazole, propiconazole, and flusilazole) (Martin et al, 1984; Carling et al, 1990; Kataria et al, 1991). These studies were conducted prior to the release of many quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides and many of the previous products tested have been removed from the marketplace or severely restricted in their use (Latin, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies were conducted prior to the release of many quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides and many of the previous products tested have been removed from the marketplace or severely restricted in their use (Latin, 2011). Variation in fungicide sensitivity among Rhizoctonia species has been reported, indicating that R. solani and R. zeae respond to fungicides differently (Martin et al, 1984; Carling et al, 1990; Amaradasa et al, 2014). Thus, basing management practices off of other more well‐studied Rhizoctonia diseases in turf is most likely not valid for RLSS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization, Pathogenicity, and In Vitro Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Leaf and Sheath Spot of Bermudagrass Putting Greens in North Carolina and Alabama

Kerns

Yan

Butler

2017

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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Twenty isolates of a fungus resembling Rhizoctonia zeae were obtained from three golf courses with bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] greens that were exhibiting leaf and sheath spot symptoms in 2013 and 2014. Morphological and molecular identification showed that 17 isolates were identified as R. zeae and three were identified as Waitea circinata var. zeae. Pathogenicity of the 20 isolates was determined by inoculating hybrid bermudagrass (‘Champion’) plants in a growth chamber. After inoculation, plants were incubated in a growth chamber at 34/30°C (day/night) and sealed in a closed container to ensure 100% humidity. After 7 d, disease was visually estimated using a modified Horsfall‐Barrett scale (0–10). All isolates were pathogenic to the hybrid bermudagrass cultivar Champion and aggressiveness among isolates varied. Sensitivity of seven isolates collected in 2013 to 16 fungicides (flutolanil, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, azoxystrobin, propiconazole, triticonazole, triadimefon, penthiopyrad, fluxapyroxad, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, iprodione, polyoxin‐D zinc salt, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin, and chlorothalonil) was tested. The sensitivity of 13 isolates collected in 2014 to five fungicides (chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, and flutolanil) was tested. In general, all the isolates were extremely sensitive to demtheylation and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (50% effective concentration [EC50] < 1 mg a.i. L−1) and all isolates showed insensitivity to quinone outside inhibitor fungicides (EC50 > 10 mg a.i. L−1). These results demonstrated that R. zeae is a pathogen of ultradwarf bermudagrass under the imposed environmental conditions. Rhizoctonia zeae is sensitive to many fungicides, but based on in vitro sensitivity data presented here, some may not perform well under field conditions.

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In Vitro Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani and Other Multinucleate and Binucleate Rhizoctonia to Selected Fungicides

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

AFLP Fingerprinting for Identification of Infra-Species Groups of Rhizoctonia solani and Waitea circinata

AFLP Fingerprinting for Identification of Infra-Species Groups of Rhizoctonia solani and Waitea circinata

Development of SCAR markers and UP-PCR cross-hybridization method for specific detection of four major subgroups of Rhizoctonia from infected turfgrasses

Characterization, Pathogenicity, and In Vitro Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Leaf and Sheath Spot of Bermudagrass Putting Greens in North Carolina and Alabama

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