In Vitro Screening for Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Seed Extracts

Abstract

Phytochemical screening (saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides) of four medicinal plant seeds (Jatropha curcas, Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba), Moringa oleifera and Datura metel) extracted by aqueous, ethanol and Folch solvents, were examined for their antimicrobial activity against three types of plant pathogenic fungi namely; Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, in addition to four types of bacteria, namely; Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Ralstonia solanacearum and Pesudomonas aeruginosa using disc diffusion paper. Results revealed that different concentrations of aqueous extracts were more effective against bacterial activity compared to fungal activity, except for D. metel aqueous extract which showed no antifungal effect and very weak effect on only two of the tested bacteria. B. cereus was more sensitive to J. curcas aqueous extract, while P. aeruginosa was more sensitive to S. chinensis and M. oleifera aqueous extracts. On the other hand, results showed that J. curcas and M. oleifera ethanol extracts were more effective on Staph. aureus growth, while S. chinensis and D. metel did not have any effect on any of the fungi or bacteria under study. The evaluation of the antifungal and antibacterial effect did not confirm the broad spectrum of S. chinensis Folch extract, while M. oleifera and D. metel were more effective on reducing R. solani growth. Also F. oxysporum was affected by J. curcas Folch extract only at high concentrations. These findings support that the traditional use of the plant extracts in the treatment of different infections caused by pathogenic microbes is valuable and should be taken in consideration.

Antifungal efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…Moringa oleifera was chosen for this study based on the previous reports that indicated its antifungal and antimicrobial properties effective against various phytopathogens (Emad El Din et al, 2016;Batista et al, 2014;Belay and Sisay, 2014;Díaz Dellavalle et al, 2011). Considering the efficacy of the solvent extracts and the morphological part of the plant used (seeds or leaf), the results on the bioassay showed that organic solvent extracts proved to have high antifungal activity against B. cinerea isolates than the aqueous extract irrespective of the morphological part of the plant used.…”

NEMATICIDAL PROPRIETIES OF COMMERCIAL SEED OILS OF CERTAIN MEDICINAL PLANTS ON EGG HATCHING AND JUVENILE MORTALITY OF THE ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, Meloidogyne incognita In Vitro

“…The results of the present study revealed that three concentrations (S, S/2 and S/4) of castor bean, colocynth, jojoba and moringa oils showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibitory effect on egg hatch and increased juvenile mortality of M. incognita in vitro. Gomaa et al, 2016;Bello et al, 2019). The inhibitory effect of the tested oils may be attributed to the presence of chemicals with nematicidal effect.…”

“…In this respect, plants are a source of many active nematicidal compounds and essential oils (Kong et al, 2007). Moreover, a wide variety of plant species, representing 57 families have been shown to have nematicidal compounds such as alkaloids, isothiocyanates, phenols, glycosides, thiophenics, tannins, saponins and fatty acids (Gommes, 1981;Chitwood, 2002 (El-Shrief et al, 2014;Gomaa et al, 2016;Bello et al, 2019). Therefore, the main option of the present research was designed to estimate the nematicidal effect of aqueous commercial seed oils of castor bean, colocynth, jojoba, and moringa on egg hatching and juvenile mortality of M. incognita under in vitro conditions.…”