In Vitro Root Induction from Argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) Adventitious Shoots: Influence of Ammonium Nitrate, Auxins, Silver Nitrate and Putrescine, and Evaluation of Plantlet Acclimatization

Abstract

Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels is an endangered plant species endemic to Morocco. In recent years, attempts to develop in vitro regeneration systems for this species were made. However, rooting and acclimatization of in vitro plants have been a bottleneck for successful propagation. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of auxins, putrescine, silver nitrate (AgNO3) and ammonium nitrate on the in vitro rooting of adventitious shoots of two argan genotypes “Mejji” and “R’zwa”, were evaluated. The highest rooting percentages (86.6% in “Mejji” and 84.4% in “R’zwa”) were observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium modified by reducing the ammonium nitrate concentration and supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 0.5 mg L−1 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2 mg L−1 AgNO3 and 160 mg L−1 putrescine. This medium resulted in the development of a good root system after only 10 days of culture. Plantlet acclimatization was carried out using different substrate mixtures, and high survival rates (100%) were observed when the substrate contained either peat alone or a sand–peat mixture (1:1, w/w). The high percentages of rooting and acclimatization reported in the present study are of high importance for rapid and large-scale propagation of this endangered species.

In vitro adventitious regeneration and plantlet transplantation of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz., a valuable medicinal plant

“…This indicates that in order to ensure a high survival rate and good growth status of the transplanted plants, the nutrition and air permeability of the transplant substrate are indispensable. The present result is in agreement with the previous ndings observed in Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang(Chen et al 2020) and Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels(Amghar et al 2021).A number tissues can be involved in the formation of shoots, such as the pericycle, subepidermal cells, and epidermal cells, depending on the plant(Atta et al 2009;Wang et al 2015). This study suggested that the shoots of A. chinensis originated from cambium cells and that the shoots had obvious morphological characteristics at different development stages.…”

Innovation of argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) products and byproducts for sustainable development of rural communities in Morocco. A systematic literature review

“…The root system extends deep into the soil already in the first phases of the tree growth, making transplanting difficult and rarely successful (Lybbert et al 2004). Further, mass propagation of argan cuttings is limited due to fungi diseases (Bakry et al 2009) and to difficulties related to rooting and survival during transplantation in the field (Amghar et al 2021;Bousselmame et al 2001;Benbya et al 2019). In addition, seed propagation is challenging also due to heterogeneity in seed size, viability and dormancy, which are strongly genotype-dependent (Justamante et al 2017).…”

The Optimization of Medium Conditions and Auxins in the Induction of Adventitious Roots of Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) and Their Phytochemical Constituents

“…The appropriate medium state for adventitious rooting depends on the plant genotype. Most previous research on adventitious root induction was conducted with gelled medium, such as the adventitious root induction of Argania spinosa and Morinda citrifolia from shoots and leaf explant, respectively [ 39 , 40 ], because the solidified medium provides a supporting material and acts as a pH stabilizer [ 41 ]. Our results also showed denser lateral roots and root hairs on adventitious roots in the semisolid medium.…”