In Vitro Protein Disappearance of Raw Chicken as Dog Foods Decreased by Thermal Processing, but Was Unaffected by Non-Thermal Processing

Kim, Hansol; Jung, Ah Hyun; Park, Sung Hee; Yoon, Yohan; Kim, Beob Gyun

doi:10.3390/ani11051256

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…2). Other applications include evaluation of protein (Kim et al, 2021) or lipid digestibility and bioaccessibility of micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals (van Zelst et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2017) or phytoconstituents like polyphenols. In addition to digestibility, in vitro models can provide valuable information on fibre effects on gut microbiota composition and activity, through SCFA/BCFA, ammonia or gas measurements (Bosch et al, 2008;Cutrignelli et al, 2009;Van den Abbeele et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Potential Applications Of Canine Gut Models In Food and Pharmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro models of the canine digestive tract as an alternative to in vivo assays: Advances and current challenges

Deschamps

2022

ALTEX

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Dogs occupy a full place in the family and their well-being is of paramount importance to their owners. Digestion, a complex process involving physicochemical, mechanical, and microbial parameters, plays a central in maintaining animals healthy. As in vivo studies in dogs are more and more restricted by ethical, regulatory, societal, and cost reasons, an alternative option resides in the use of in vitro models simulating the different parts of the canine gastrointestinal tract. This review paper first introduces digestion and gut microbiota as key factors in dog nutrition and health, under both healthy and diseased conditions (obesity and inflammatory bowel disease), by highlighting when relevant similarities or differences between human and canine digestion process. Then, we provide for the first time an in-depth description of currently available models of the canine digestive tract, discuss technical and scientific challenges that need to be addressed and introduce potential applications of in vitro gut models in food and veterinary fields. Even if the development of some in vitro models remains limited by a lack of in vivo data in dogs necessary for a relevant configuration and validation, translation of long-term expertise on human in vitro gut models to dog's ecosystem opens avenues for canine in vitro gut model development and their adaptation to specific digestive conditions associated to various ages, sizes, breeds and/or diets, under both physiological and diseased states. Introduction Dogs in familial and economical contextsCanis lupus familiaris, also known as domesticated dogs, belongs to Canidae family. Dog is maybe the first animal domesticated by human around 12.000 years ago (Axelsson et al., 2013). Dogs were initially strict carnivores, but during the agricultural revolution, they have probably acquired the ability to digest starch and became facultative carnivores (Axelsson et al., 2013). Nowadays, canine species include approximatively 400 breeds with high morphological and size variabilities and weight ranging from 1 kg for a Chihuahua to 100 kg for a Saint-Bernard (Grandjean and Haymann, 2010). Pets, especially dogs, occupy a full place in the family and their health and well-being are therefore of paramount importance to their owners.Dogs are estimated to be more than 500 million worldwide, which represents a huge market for petfood and animal health industry. In 2018, global petfood market size reached $91.1 billion, representing 31% increase within 5 years, with the need of constantly innovate (e.g., food, probiotics and prebiotics) (Phillips-Donaldson, 2019). A vast array of foods, snacks and nutritional supplements have been recently developed to support well-being, health, improve aging or prevent diseases. According to increased interest of owners to maintain dog's health, petfood was adapted to fit each dog's lifestyle, for example for puppies or bitches, sedentary or active, maintenance diet or hypocaloric diet. Different types of canine food are available and can be classified in t...

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Section: Potential Applications Of Canine Gut Models In Food and Pharmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BCFA, branched-chain fatty acids; GIT, gastro-intestinal tract; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids Effect of supplementation with Black Soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal in extruded dog food on in vivo and in vitro digestibilityKim et al, 2021 …”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro models of the canine digestive tract as an alternative to in vivo assays: Advances and current challenges

Deschamps

2022

ALTEX

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“…It is well-known that high temperatures during the processing systems adversely affect the digestibility of protein in animal by-product meal [ 28 , 29 ]. As reported by FEDIAF (the European Pet Food Industry Federation) [ 30 ], the normal digestibility range should be approximately 80%; an investigation of our results in dogs fed either coarse, fine, or very fine diets showed a digestibility of protein within the range of 92.8–95.1%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Animal By-Products on Diet Digestibility and Fecal Quality in Beagle Dogs

Chuppava

Siebert

Visscher

et al. 2023

Life

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In animal feeds and pet food, meat industry rendered by-products as a source of high-quality protein are commonly used. Among all rendered protein sources, poultry carcasses and neck meal are frequently used as ingredients in commercial pet foods due to their agreeable fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and they have no impact on the palatability of the diet. Nonetheless, it is unclear how poultry by-product meal affects companion animals regarding diet digestibility and fecal quality. This study either aimed to provide information on poultry by-product meal, including coarsely, finely, or very finely ground varieties, regarding their nutrient digestibility and characteristics of feces in dogs. One type of animal by-product meal was used in the three aforementioned particle sizes. Beagle dogs (n = 6; body weight, 16.6 kg ± 2.03) participated in a crossover experiment design. Each trial consisted of a five day adaptation period to the diet, and five days of fecal samples were collected and measured for individual apparent nutritional digestibility and fecal scores. The animal by-product supplementation in the diet of dogs was well accepted, with an acceptable percentage of apparent nutrient digestibility. Different particle sizes had no significant effect on the organic matter, crude protein, and crude fat digestibility as well as the fecal fatty acid concentrations. In addition, feces remained firm and well-formed and increased fecal dry matter. This indicates that poultry by-products should be taken into account as a potential dietary protein source in dog food.

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“…The applicant provided many publications at this respect. Some of these publications review the use of in vitro methods and their usefulness to study the digestion in dogs (Harmon, 2007 ; De Godoy et al, 2016 ; Deschamps et al., 2022 ); others provide data on in vitro studies only (Van Zelst et al, 2015 ; Lee et al, 2017 ; Kim et al., 2021 ) or do not allow for a full comparison of the results with those obtained in vivo (Gajda et al., 2005 ); a couple describe methods that may not be comparable to the one described by Boisen in 2007 (Smeets‐Peeters et al, 1999 ; Bosch et al, 2016 ); and some were developed from Boisen's or can be considered comparable but do not provide validation of in vivo reference values at pre‐caecal level (Dufour‐Etienne et al, 1992 ; Tonglet et al, 2001 ; Hervera et al, 2007 ; Hervera et al, 2009 ; Hooda et al, 2012 ; Biagi et al, 2016 ; Penazzi et al, 2021 ). Some of the latter showed good correlation between the digestibility coefficients in vitro and in vivo (faecal data); the conditions of the studies and diets evaluated may play a major role in the correlations observed.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of pancreatin from porcine pancreas (Pan‐zoot) for dogs (Almapharm GmbH + Co KG)

Bampidis¹,

Azimonti²,

Bastos³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a pancreatic extract (Pan-zoot) as a zootechnical additive for dogs. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) could not conclude on the safety of Pan-Zoot as a feed additive for dogs under the proposed conditions of use. The FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the skin/eye irritancy potential of the additive or on the dermal sensitisation potential. Owing to its proteinaceous nature, the additive is considered a respiratory sensitiser. The additive may induce allergic reactions to the exposed users. The Panel concluded that there is no need for an environmental risk assessment. The FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the efficacy of the product as a feed additive at the recommended conditions of use.

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In Vitro Protein Disappearance of Raw Chicken as Dog Foods Decreased by Thermal Processing, but Was Unaffected by Non-Thermal Processing

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

In vitro models of the canine digestive tract as an alternative to in vivo assays: Advances and current challenges

In vitro models of the canine digestive tract as an alternative to in vivo assays: Advances and current challenges

Impact of Animal By-Products on Diet Digestibility and Fecal Quality in Beagle Dogs

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of pancreatin from porcine pancreas (Pan‐zoot) for dogs (Almapharm GmbH + Co KG)

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