In Vitro Properties and Performance of Glutaraldehyde‐Crosslinked Bovine Pericardial Bioprostheses Treated With Glutamic Acid

Abstract

Calcification is one of the major causes of failure of heart valve bioprostheses (HVBs) derived from glutaraldehyde (GA)-processed bovine pericardium (BP) or porcine aortic valves. New crosslinking reagent procedures are still far from giving satisfactory results, and this is the main reason why GA is still the reagent of choice for the fixation of native tissue intended for HVB manufacture. Nevertheless, two new findings with respect to GA processing may significantly improve HVB performance postimplantation: the finding that increasing concentrations of GA result in a decrease in calcification; the blocking of free aldehyde usually by nucleophyles or the treatment of processed material at low pH. This work investigates the in vitro properties of BP fixed with GA followed by the treatment with glutamic acid under alkaline conditions in order to prepare BP materials with lower calcification potential postimplantation. In comparison to conventional processing, except for the tensile strength that was slightly lower, elongation and toughness were higher than the accepted values. No significant differences were observed in the performance indexes (mean pressure gradient, mean effective area, regurgitant fraction, performance and efficiency indexes) with wear resistance over 150 ¥ 10 6 cycles. These results indicate that the processing of BP described in this work may be of potential use in the manufacture of HVBs.

Bistability and Cytotoxicity of Medical Devices Based on Cross-Linked Biopolymers

“…Та-ким образом, материалы из CК нуждаются в специ-альной обработке, позволяющей не только удалить свободный ГА, но и инактивировать непрореаги-ровавшие функциональные группы частично про-реагировавшего ГА. Например, с этой целью при-меняют блокировку свободных альдегидных групп соединениями, содержащими первичную амино-группу (-NH 2 ), чаще всего глутаминовую кисло-ту [23,24]. Для достижения данной цели нами была выбрана аминокислота лизин, содержащая в своей структуре две первичные аминогруппы.…”

Biomaterial applications in cardiovascular tissue repair and regeneration

“…Following removal of cellular content, the tissue is typically crosslinked using glutaraldehyde for preservation and to increase strength of the biomaterial. However, calcification of pericardial grafts postimplantation is attributed to glutaraldehyde processing [45,46]. Hence, several studies have investigated new methods for processing the pericardium to maintain ECM content and structure, and to strengthen the biological tissue without causing calcification in vivo .…”

“…Hence, several studies have investigated new methods for processing the pericardium to maintain ECM content and structure, and to strengthen the biological tissue without causing calcification in vivo . Approaches have included treating the glutaraldehyde-processed pericardium with glutamic acid [45], modifying the decellularization procedure [44], and nanocoating pericardial grafts with titanium to prevent immune reactions and thus calcification [47]. Some anticalcification technologies are being used in commercially available pericardial grafts [203], although most techniques still require more testing in order to become routine practices.…”

Artificial Organs 2011: A Year in Review

“…Maria Christiane Valeria Braga Braile et al. (167) of Braile Biomédica Indústria Comércio e Representações SA, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil evaluated the in vitro properties and performance of glutaraldehyde‐cross‐linked bovine pericardial bioprostheses (HVBs) treated with glutamic acid under alkaline conditions. Recent findings show increasing concentrations of glutaraldehyde result in a decrease in calcification related the blocking of free aldehyde usually by nucleophiles or the treatment of processed material at low pH.…”