In vitro polyploidisation of tulips (Tulipa gesneriana L.) — Phenotype assessment of tetraploids

Podwyszyńska, Małgorzata; Trzewik, A.; Marasek-Ciołakowska, Agnieszka

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.07.007

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that there are multi-variant factors involved in APPI procedure turning the results unpredictable and nondeterministic ( Dhooghe et al, 2011 ; Niazian and Nalousi, 2020 ). These factors mainly include AMA type ( Koefoed Petersen et al, 2003 ; Zhang Y. S. et al, 2020 ), concentration and exposure duration of AMA ( Allum et al, 2007 ; Ardabili et al, 2021 ), plant genotype ( Stanys et al, 2006 ; Podwyszyńska et al, 2018 ; Ardabili et al, 2021 ), and application system as in vivo or in vitro ( Rubuluza et al, 2007 ; Eng and Ho, 2019 ; Parsons et al, 2019 ). Consequently, the interaction among aforementioned parameters is ambiguously tangled making it impossible to declare that there is one optimal overall APPI protocol regarding specific species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic (Allium sativum L.) With Dwarfism

et al. 2022

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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a compelling horticultural crop with high culinary and therapeutic values. Commercial garlic varieties are male-sterile and propagated asexually from individual cloves or bulbils. Consequently, its main breeding strategy has been confined to the time-consuming and inefficient selection approach from the existing germplasm. Polyploidy, meanwhile, plays a prominent role in conferring plants various changes in morphological, physiological, and ecological properties. Artificial polyploidy induction has gained pivotal attention to generate new genotype for further crop improvement as a mutational breeding method. In our study, efficient and reliable in vitro induction protocols of autotetraploid garlic were established by applying different antimitotic agents based on high-frequency direct shoot organogenesis initiated from inflorescence explant. The explants were cultured on solid medium containing various concentrations of colchicine or oryzalin for different duration days. Afterward, the ploidy levels of regenerated plantlets with stable and distinguished characters were confirmed by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. The colchicine concentration at 0.2% (w/v) combined with culture duration for 20 days was most efficient (the autotetraploid induction rate was 21.8%) compared to the induction rate of 4.3% using oryzalin at 60 μmol L–1 for 20 days. No polymorphic bands were detected by simple sequence repeat analysis between tetraploid and diploid plantlets. The tetraploids exhibited a stable and remarkable dwarfness effect rarely reported in artificial polyploidization among wide range of phenotypic variations. There are both morphological and cytological changes including extremely reduced plant height, thickening and broadening of leaves, disappearance of pseudostem, density reduction, and augmented width of stomatal. Furthermore, the level of phytohormones, including, indole propionic acid, gibberellin, brassinolide, zeatin, dihydrozeatin, and methyl jasmonate, was significantly lower in tetraploids than those in diploid controls, except indole acetic acid and abscisic acid, which could partly explain the dwarfness in hormonal regulation aspect. Moreover, as the typical secondary metabolites of garlic, organosulfur compounds including allicin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide accumulated a higher content significantly in tetraploids. The obtained dwarf genotype of autotetraploid garlic could bring new perspectives for the artificial polyploids breeding and be implemented as a new germplasm to facilitate investigation into whole-genome doubling consequences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic (Allium sativum L.) With Dwarfism

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, seed size, stomatal density, and pollen fertility are usually related to the ploidy level [46]. For instance, a positive relationship was found between the ploidy level and stomatal guard cell length and width, and a negative correlation was observed between ploidy level and stomatal density for diploid and triploid Citrus clementina [47] and stomata length and pollen size in diploid and tetraploid tulips [31] and apples [48]. In Brassica, a high correlation between ploidy and stomata lengths was reported for trigenomic hexaploid hybrids (AABBCC) [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nuclear DNA content was evaluated for parental lines and hybrids using FCM according to the method reported previously [31]. Leaf fragments (0.5 cm 2 ) were cut with a razor blade in a Petri dish that contained 0.5 mL nuclei isolation Partec buffer supplemented with propidium iodide (50 mg•mL −1 ) and RNase (50 mg•mL −1 ).…”

Section: Flow Cytometry Analysis (Fcm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Meiotic Polyploidisation on Selected Morphological and Anatomical Traits in Interspecific Hybrids of Brassica oleracea × B. napus

et al. 2021

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In Brassica, interspecific hybridisation plays an important role in the formation of allopolyploid cultivars. In this study, the ploidy of F1 and F2 generations resulting from interspecific hybridisation between B. oleracea inbred lines of head cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata) (2n = 18) and kale (B. oleracea L. var. acephala) (2n = 18) with inbred lines of rapeseed (B. napus L.) (2n = 38) was examined by flow cytometry analysis and chromosome observation. Furthermore, the effect of meiotic polyploidisation on selected phenotypic and anatomical traits was assessed. The F1 hybrids of head cabbage × rapeseed (S3) and kale × rapeseed crosses (S20) were allotriploids with 2n = 28 chromosomes, and nuclear DNA amounts of 1.97 (S3) and 1.99 pg (S20). These values were intermediate between B. oleracea and B. napus. In interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation, which were derived after self-pollination of F1 hybrids (FS3, FS20) or by open crosses between F1 generation hybrids (FC320, FC230), the chromosome numbers were similar 2n = 56 or 2n = 55, whereas the genome sizes varied between 3.81 (FS20) and 3.95 pg 2C (FC230). Allohexaploid F2 hybrids had many superior agronomic traits compared to parental B. napus and B. oleracea lines and triploid F1 hybrids. In the generative stage, they were characterised by larger flowers and flower elements, such as anthers and lateral nectaries. F2 hybrids were male and female fertile. The pollen viability of F2 hybrids was comparable to parental genotypes and varied from 75.38% (FS3) to 88.24% (FC320), whereas in triploids of F1 hybrids only 6.76% (S3) and 13.46% (S20) of pollen grains were fertile. Interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation derived by open crosses between plants of the F1 generation (FC320, FC230) had a better ability to set seed than F2 hybrids generated from the self-pollination of F1 hybrids. In the vegetative stage, F2 plants had bigger and thicker leaves, larger stomata, and significantly thicker layers of palisade and spongy mesophyll than triploids of the F1 generation and parental lines of B. oleracea and B. napus. The allohexaploid F2 hybrids analysed in this study can be used as innovative germplasm resources for further breeding new vegetable Brassica crops at the hexaploid level.

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“…In our previous studies, we developed methods for the in vitro polyploidisation of daylily [14], apple [15], tulip [16] and blackcurrant [17]. In those methods, the shoots were treated with antimitotic agents such as colchicine, oryzalin, trifluralin and amiprophos methyl (APM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Doubling in Genetically Diverse Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Accessions and Evaluation of Tetraploids in Terms of Phenotype and Ability to Cross with Highbush Blueberry (V. corymbosum L.)

et al. 2021

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To expand the gene pool and introduce new traits to the tetraploid cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum from wild diploid species V. myrtillus, it is necessary to double the chromosome number in diploid species in order to overcome a post zygotic crossing barrier and a strong triploid block, existing within the genus Vaccinium. Five genetically diverse bilberry genotypes were selected from 21 accessions taken from the breeding collection of the National Institute of Horticultural Research (Skierniewice, Poland) for this study. The bilberry genotypes were derived from the Polish locations of Bolimów Landscape Park, Budy Grabskie and forest complex Zwierzyniec (Łódź Province), and habitats in Norway. The selection of genotypes was made based on the analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP-PCR). Analysis of the Jaccard similarity indexes and the UPGMA method revealed that the examined accessions formed two main groups on the dendrogram. The first group consisted of accessions from Norway, while the second group agglomerated Polish accessions. A further two classes were distinguished in the Polish group: the first included accessions from Budy Grabskie and the second from Zwierzyniec, located ca. 9 km from Budy Grabskie. In order to obtain plant material for in vitro polyploidisation, in vitro shoot cultures of the selected accessions were initiated and multiplied. Both antimitotics used, colchicine and APM, induced tetraploids for all of the accessions. The obtained tetraploids were multiplied, rooted ex vitro and grown in a greenhouse and then in a field. The first flowering was observed in 1.5-year-old plants, either diploid or tetraploid. Diploids bloomed slightly earlier and more profusely than tetraploid plants. Compared to diploids, autotetraploids had significantly larger flowers by ca. 64% and larger pollen tetrads by ca. 35%. The germination capacity of pollen tetrads was high in tetraploids (87.8%), although slightly lower than in diploids (94.3%). After pollinating the flowers of three highbush blueberry cultivars with pollen from the bilberry tetraploid accession, J-4-4x, the plants formed fruits, some of which contained properly formed seeds. The effectiveness of interspecific crossing between V. corymbosum and tetraploid V. myrtillus, defined as the percentage of obtained seedlings in relation to the number of pollinated flowers, was highest (53.3%) in the blueberry ‘Liberty’, and lower in ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Northland’, 14.8% and 10.0%, respectively. Before using the seedlings for further breeding, their hybridity will be confirmed by molecular markers and the phenotype will be evaluated.

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In vitro polyploidisation of tulips (Tulipa gesneriana L.) — Phenotype assessment of tetraploids

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

In vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic (Allium sativum L.) With Dwarfism

In vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic (Allium sativum L.) With Dwarfism

Effect of Meiotic Polyploidisation on Selected Morphological and Anatomical Traits in Interspecific Hybrids of Brassica oleracea × B. napus

Chromosome Doubling in Genetically Diverse Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Accessions and Evaluation of Tetraploids in Terms of Phenotype and Ability to Cross with Highbush Blueberry (V. corymbosum L.)

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