In vitro plant regeneration from ovules of Taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum koksaghyz

Abstract

Taraxacum koksaghyz, the Russian dandelion, produces latex in its taproots and is an alternative to Hevea brasiliensis as a source for rubber. Studying the inheritance of rubber content and yield as well as breeding of T. koksaghyz could strongly benefit from haploid or doubled haploid techniques. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing the conditions to produce haploid and/or double haploid T. koksaghyz plants. This study focused on gynogenesis because analysis of microsporogenesis showed that very small (young) inflorescences already contain mature pollen and that the development of the microspores is not synchronous in different flowers in one inflorescence. Therefore, a surface disinfection protocol, culture media, and culture conditions were established resulting in shoot formation from ovules. Diploid and triploid Taraxacum officinale were also included in the experiments. Depending on the genotype, 0 to 2.6% of the ovules regenerated shoots via callus. These shoots could be rooted and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions without losses. Eleven plants from ovule cultures were analysed for their ploidy level and compared genetically to the donor material using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) to confirm their origin from either haploid or diploid/triploid donor tissues. All regenerated plants had the same ploidy level and were heterozygous at the same loci as their respective donor plants, and thus originated from somatic tissue.

Taraxacum kok-saghyz (rubber dandelion) genomic microsatellite loci reveal modest genetic diversity and cross-amplify broadly to related species

“…A recent spike in the TKS research confirmed the USDA-ARS collected species identity using the morphological 12,13,15,19,21 , molecular 14,21,25,26 , biochemical 11,12,14 , physiological 11,13,15 , and breeding 14,19,26 approaches. The outcrossing nature of TKS was regarded when devising the plant genome linkage map 27 , followed by its genome sequence assembly to contigs 4 and transcriptome sequencing 28 .…”

“…In addition, a number of physiological and developmental studies on currently available germplasm provided data that was helpful in maximizing the rubber/inulin yield in both years the plants were grown 11,13,15,19 . TKS also proved amenable to genetic transformation and tissue culture 14,26 , indicating the potential for its breeding engineering and increases in yield of rubber 30,31 or inulin 13–15 .…”

In Vitro Propagation of an Endangered Helianthus verticillatus by Axillary Bud Proliferation

“…Therefore, it is necessary to assess the genetic uniformity of the regenerated plants before incorporating a micropropagation protocol [15]. Morphological and physiological parameters have been used to ascertain the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants in many species [81]; however, molecular markers are the most desirable tool for establishing the genetic uniformity and true-to-type nature of micropropagated plants [26][27][28][29][30].…”

“…In this concern, the assessment of genetic uniformity of micropropagated plants can be performed using several DNA-based molecular markers [8,26]. Among various molecular markers available, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers have been widely and extensively used for the assessment of genetic homogeneity of micropropagated plants [26][27][28][29][30]. SSRs have advantages of high genomic abundance throughout the genome, codominant inheritance mode, high level of polymorphism, informativeness, high reproducibility, and robustness [27].…”

Regeneration of double haploid plants from unpollinated ovary cultures of watermelon

“…Mounting studies have reported that light is necessary on ovule induction (Campion and Alloni 1990;Chandrasekera et al 2017;George et al 2008;Yang and Zhou 1982). Much research has demonstrated that high temperature under dark affects the ovule or ovary regeneration in Cucurbitaceae plants (Golabadi et al 2017;Tantasawat et al 2015a).…”